{"id":11033,"date":"2009-12-14T12:14:04","date_gmt":"2009-12-14T09:14:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/?p=11033"},"modified":"2009-12-14T12:14:04","modified_gmt":"2009-12-14T09:14:04","slug":"bask-eta-ve-herri-batasuna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/bask-eta-ve-herri-batasuna\/","title":{"rendered":"Bask, ETA ve Herri Batasuna"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"HerriDemokratik Toplum Partisi’nin (DTP) kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde s\u0131k s\u0131k duydu\u011fumuz \u0130spanyol Herri Batasuna partisi, ETA ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve Bask \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgesi, T\u00fcrkiye g\u00fcndeminde yer bulmaya devam ediyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Radikal gazetesi yazar\u0131 Ceyda Karan, DTP ile ili\u015fkilendirilen Herri Batasuna partisi hakk\u0131nda bilinmeyenleri ve ETA ile ili\u015fkisini yazd\u0131. \u0130\u015fte Ceyda Karan’\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131;<\/p>\n

‘Bask’as\u0131 olma kendin ol…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Elmalarla armutlar\u0131 toplamak mutat al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z. T\u0131pk\u0131 K\u00fcrt sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in y\u0131llarca Bask sorununu baz ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi, DTP\u2019nin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 da, \u00e7abucak \u0130spanya\u2019daki Bask ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 partisi Batasuna\u2019n\u0131n ETA \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ile ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc kapat\u0131lmas\u0131; bu kapatman\u0131n da A\u0130HM taraf\u0131ndan \u2018m\u00fcnasip\u2019 bulunmas\u0131ndan haraketle Bask \u00fczerinden tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u2018\u0130spanya nire, T\u00fcrkiye nire; Batasuna ne, DTP ne ve hatta ETA ile PKK e\u015f mi\u2019 diye soran yok. Neden? Zira \u0130spanya hakk\u0131nda da, Bask hakk\u0131nda da bilgilerimiz kli\u015felerden ibaret. Bir tak\u0131m meselelerde ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p di\u011fer diyarlarda ya\u015fananlara bakaca\u011f\u0131z elbette. Ancak kaba hukuki \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlarla elmalarla armutlar\u0131 toplaman\u0131n kendi meselelerimizi \u00e7\u00f6zmeye ne menem katk\u0131s\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek laz\u0131m.
\n\u00d6yleyse meseleye elmalarla armutlar\u0131 ay\u0131rarak bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

* \u0130spanya T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin aksine federal yap\u0131da bir \u00fclke. \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n Bask \u00fclkesinin Franco diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 ve 1978\u2019de yeni anayasayla demokrasiye ge\u00e7i\u015ften bu yana \u00f6zerk parlamentosu, b\u00f6lgesel h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, b\u00f6lge ba\u015fkan\u0131 var. Savunma ve d\u0131\u015f politika hari\u00e7 hemen her konuda, -Bask dilinde e\u011fitimden kendi vergilerini kendi toplay\u0131p harcamak dahil- \u00e7ok geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 \u00f6zerkli\u011fi soluyor. Yani \u0130spanya ve Bask\u2019taki ko\u015fullar \u2018\u00fcniter\u2019 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019dekinden bir hayli farkl\u0131.<\/p>\n

* \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n Bask \u00fclkesi \u00e7ok zengin. Hatt\u0131zat\u0131nda sanayinin g\u00f6be\u011fi, \u0130spanyol \u00e7elik end\u00fcstrisinin kalbi. Bu durum taa 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki sanayi devriminden beri b\u00f6yle. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130spanya\u2019daki Bask meselesinin ekonomik bir temeli yok. Hatta \u0130spanya Bask\u2019a muhta\u00e7 dahi denilebilir. Peki ya T\u00fcrkiye?<\/p>\n

* Bask \u00fclkesinin ahalisi, hani nas\u0131l desek, hakikaten nev-i \u015fahs\u0131na m\u00fcnhas\u0131r. Irksal k\u00f6ken anlam\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019daki hi\u00e7bir soya\u011fac\u0131na sokulam\u0131yor. Dilleri Euskera filan da \u00f6yle. Bu \u00f6znel ko\u015fullar\u0131 herkes i\u00e7in yenilir yutulur cinsten olmayan \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 bir milliyet\u00e7ilik yaratm\u0131\u015f. \u0130spanyollarla fazla kar\u0131\u015fmama kayg\u0131lar\u0131 bir yana, \u015fu me\u015fhur Atletik Bilbao tak\u0131m\u0131nda hala Bask\u2019tan ba\u015fka milletlerin oynayamamas\u0131yla tezah\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bulan t\u00fcrden bir milliyet\u00e7ilik bu. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da aktaraca\u011f\u0131m t\u00fcrde milliyet\u00e7i sol damar\u0131n K\u00fcrtlerde bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yorumunu var\u0131n siz yap\u0131n…<\/p>\n

* Bask milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin Katolik kimlikle Marxist oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131ndaki \u2018milliyet\u00e7ilik-solculuk\u2019la harmanlanm\u0131\u015f tuhaf ideolojik durumu var ve bu bug\u00fcn de baki. Bask milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin babas\u0131 Sabina Arana (1865-1903), 1898\u2019de kurulan ve bug\u00fcn hala b\u00f6lgede en fazla oy potansiyeline sahip H\u0131ristiyan Demokrat PNV\u2019nin de kurucu babas\u0131. (Mart 2009 se\u00e7iminde 30 y\u0131l sonra iktidar\u0131 \u0130spanyol Sosyalist Partisi\u2019nin b\u00f6lgedeki orta\u011f\u0131 Euskadi Sosyalist Partisi ile Halk Partisi\u2019nin koalisyonuna terk etmek zorunda kalsa da, PNV, y\u00fczde 38.5 oran\u0131nda oyla birinci parti \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131) \u0130deolojik zemini sanayi devrimiyle b\u00f6lgeye akan \u0130syanyollar\u0131 d\u0131\u015flayacak \u015fekilde Bask \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeten koyu Katolik bir gelenek, PNV\u2019nin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n

* 1960\u2019larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ETA (Euzkadi Ta Azkatasuna-Bask Anavatan\u0131 ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck) ise, Marxist oldu\u011funu iddia etse de, milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin dik alas\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yor. ETA\u2019n\u0131n siyasi kanad\u0131 Batasuna\u2019n\u0131n (Bask dilinde Birlik anlam\u0131nda) \u00f6ncellerinden Herri Batasuna (Halk\u0131n Birli\u011fi), 1978\u2019de kuruldu\u011funda solcu milliyet\u00e7i siyasi gruplar\u0131n koalisyonu alt\u0131nda \u0130spanya\u2019y\u0131 demokrasiye ta\u015f\u0131yan anayasaya \u2018hay\u0131r\u2019 diyen cephede yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ortalama oy oran\u0131 1979\u2019lardan beri y\u00fczde 15\u2019i nadiren a\u015ft\u0131. \u015eu anki lideri Arnaldo Otegi, ba\u015fta banka sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 gibi eylemlerden, sonralar\u0131 fikirleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden s\u0131k s\u0131k hapse at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ki\u015filik. Ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 emelleri olsa da Aralar gibi \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 sol siyasi parti ve gruplar da mevcut.<\/p>\n

* Bask meselesi kimilerinin iddia edegeldi\u011fi gibi basit bir \u015fiddet meselesi de\u011fil. Gelinen a\u015famada, \u0130spanyollar da Basklar da ate\u015fkes ve bar\u0131\u015f giri\u015fimlerinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bezgin olsa bile, sorunu \u2018ETA sorununa\u2019 indirgemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Batasuna\/ETA \u00e7izgisine sahip \u00e7\u0131kmasa da, PNV\u2019nin Bask\u2019\u0131 \u0130spanya\u2019dan ayr\u0131 gayr\u0131 g\u00f6ren duru\u015fu \u00f6z\u00fcnde farkl\u0131 de\u011fil. Zira PNV de bu kadar geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 \u00f6zerklik olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Bask\u2019\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kafi bulmuyor. En son birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce PNV lideri Juan Jose Ibarretxe, Madrid\u2019e AB \u015femsiyesi i\u00e7inde \u0130spanyol devletiyle \u2018serbest ortakl\u0131k\u2019 \u00f6nerdi. \u015eimdilik iktidarda olmasalar da, bu, yar\u0131n iktidara gelmeyecekleri ve \u00f6nerilerini savunmaya devam etmeyecekleri anlam\u0131na gelmiyor.<\/p>\n

* Bask \u00f6rne\u011finde en g\u00f6rmezden gelinen Fransa\u2019daki Bask b\u00f6lgesi olmu\u015ftur. Frans\u0131zcas\u0131 \u2018Le Pays Basque\u2019, Bask dilinde \u2018Ipparalde\u2019 olan ve A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Navarre (Frans\u0131zca Basse-Navarre), Labourd, (Bask dilinde Lapurdi) ile Soule\u2019den (Bask dilinde Zuberoa) m\u00fcte\u015fekk\u00fcl bu b\u00f6lge, \u2018\u00fcniter\u2019 Fransa i\u00e7inde sadece Pirene-Atlantik idari b\u00f6lgesinde yer al\u0131r. \u0130spanya\u2019daki 2.2 milyonluk Bask n\u00fcfusa kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Fransa\u2019da topu topu 270 bin Bask ya\u015far, onlar da Frans\u0131z toplumuyla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019nden sonra ba\u015flayan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Nazizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyle peki\u015fmi\u015ftir. Sosyo ekonomik \u015fartlar anlam\u0131nda \u0130spanya\u2019dan farklar\u0131 tar\u0131m, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve turizm toplumu olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Paris, Basklar\u0131 \u00fclkenin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel zenginli\u011fi sayar, lakin Bask dili (Euskera) cadde ve sokak tabelalar\u0131nda Frans\u0131zca\u2019n\u0131n pe\u015fi s\u0131ra yer alsa da, Frans\u0131z devleti bu dilin e\u011fitimine so\u011fuk bakar. Euskera sadece \u00f6zel okullarda \u00f6\u011fretilirken, Bask dilinde yay\u0131nlar s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Frans\u0131z Batasuna\u2019s\u0131 siyasi parti de\u011fil dernek olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenir. 1963\u2019te kurulan Enbata partisi 1974\u2019te ter\u00f6r destek\u00e7ili\u011finden yasaklanm\u0131\u015fken, 1974\u2019te yerini alan Iparretarrak (Bask dilinde Kuzeyliler) de \u00e7ok marjinal siyasi eylemlerden \u00f6teye gitmemi\u015ftir. Zaten ETA\u2019yla y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 hi\u00e7 bar\u0131\u015fmaz. Bug\u00fcn hapiste tek bir \u00fcyeleri kalm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Velhas\u0131l tarihsel, sosyo ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u015fekillendi\u011fi Fransa ile \u0130spanya\u2019da Bask varolu\u015funun farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 \u2018milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fe\u2019 dair tavr\u0131 belirliyor. Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc federal gelenek bulundu\u011funu ak\u0131lda tutarak, d\u00fcnyadaki federalizm yahut konfederalizm \u00f6rneklerine, bunlar\u0131n tarihi, co\u011frafi sosyolojik temellerini g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak bakal\u0131m. Bunlar\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu bilerek bakal\u0131m. Kendi toplumsal s\u00f6zle\u015fmemizi sapla saman\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan ortaya koyman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 bulal\u0131m…<\/p>\nError, group does not exist! Check your syntax! (ID: 100)<\/span>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Demokratik Toplum Partisi’nin (DTP) kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde s\u0131k s\u0131k duydu\u011fumuz \u0130spanyol Herri Batasuna partisi, ETA ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve Bask \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgesi, T\u00fcrkiye g\u00fcndeminde yer bulmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":193408,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6770,6665,6155,6202],"tags":[11444,11445,6869,11447,11442,11443,11448,11277,11441,11278,15,11446],"class_list":["post-11033","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-avrupa","category-dunya","category-gundem","category-politika","tag-ceyda-karan","tag-ceyda-karan-kimdir","tag-dtp","tag-dtp-ve-herri-batasuna","tag-eta","tag-eta-teror-orgutu","tag-eta-ve-herri-batasuna","tag-herri-batasuna","tag-herri-batasuna-nedir","tag-herri-batasuna-partisi","tag-ispanya","tag-radikal-gazetesi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11033","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11033"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11033\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/193408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11033"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11033"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}