{"id":197091,"date":"2014-10-13T15:29:11","date_gmt":"2014-10-13T12:29:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/?p=197091"},"modified":"2014-10-13T15:29:11","modified_gmt":"2014-10-13T12:29:11","slug":"nobel-ekonomi-odulu-fransiz-ekonomiste-197091","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/nobel-ekonomi-odulu-fransiz-ekonomiste-197091\/","title":{"rendered":"Nobel Ekonomi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc Frans\u0131z ekonomiste"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Nobel Ekonomi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’ne bu y\u0131l \u00fcnl\u00fc Frans\u0131z ekonomist Jean Tirole lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Frans\u0131z ekonomist, pazar g\u00fcc\u00fc ve d\u00fczenlemeleri \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 analizlerle \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn sahibi oldu.<\/h1>\n

\u0130sve\u00e7 Kraliyet Bilimler Akademisi, Alfred Nobel an\u0131s\u0131na verilen Sveriges Riksbanks (Merkez Bankas\u0131) \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fcn bu y\u0131l “pazar g\u00fcc\u00fc ve sistem analizi i\u00e7in” Tirole’e verildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Akademi’den yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n en etkili ekonomistlerinden biri olarak nitelenen Tirole’\u00fcn birka\u00e7 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015firketle sanayi alanlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fczenlenece\u011fi konusunu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturdu\u011fu belirtildi.<\/p>\n

ABD’deki MIT’de (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) 1981 y\u0131l\u0131nda doktoras\u0131n\u0131 tamamlayan 61 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Tirole, Toulouse Ekonomik Bilimler Fak\u00fcltesi Sanayi Ekonomisi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc bilimsel ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok sanayi alan\u0131n\u0131n birka\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firket ya da tek bir tekelin egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funa dikkati \u00e7ekilen a\u00e7\u0131klamada, “D\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu t\u00fcr pazarlar, genellikle maliyetten \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek fiyatlar, rand\u0131mans\u0131z \u015firketlerin yeni ve daha \u00fcretken \u015firketlerin pazara giri\u015fini engelleyerek ayakta kalmas\u0131 gibi istenmeyen sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furur. Tirole, 1980’lerin ortalar\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze bu t\u00fcr pazar ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131yla ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara yeni bir soluk getirdi. Tirol’\u00fcn, pazar g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip \u015firketlerle ilgili analizi, \u00f6nemli siyasi sorular \u00fczerinde de etkili olan birle\u015fik bir kuram ortaya koydu: H\u00fck\u00fcmet, \u015firket evlilikleri ya da kartellerle nas\u0131l ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmal\u0131 ve tekelleri nas\u0131l d\u00fczenlemeli?”<\/p>\n

Tirole \u00f6ncesinde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ve siyaset\u00e7ilerin t\u00fcm sanayi kollar\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli genel ilkeler ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret edilen a\u00e7\u0131klamada, “Tirole, kuramsal olarak bu t\u00fcr kurallar\u0131n belirli durumlarda i\u015fledi\u011fini ancak di\u011fer durumlarda yarardan \u00e7ok zarara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Tirole, yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 makaleler ve kitaplarla telekom\u00fcnikasyondan bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa bir\u00e7ok sanayi alan\u0131na uygulanabilen politikalar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in genel bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00e7izmi\u015ftir” ifadesi kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Nobel Ekonomi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc<\/h2>\n

Nobel Ekonomi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc, 1968’te \u0130sve\u00e7 Merkez Bankas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Nobel \u00d6d\u00fclleri’nin kurucusu Alfred Nobel an\u0131s\u0131na kuruldu. 1969’tan bu g\u00fcne 46 kez da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan \u00f6d\u00fcllerden 17’si iki ki\u015fi, 6’s\u0131 da \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Nobel Ekonomi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc kazanan 75 ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda sadece bir kad\u0131n bulunuyor. Elinor Ostrom, 2009’da \u00f6d\u00fcle lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Nobel Ekonomi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fcn en gen\u00e7 sahibi, 1972’de 52 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken \u00f6d\u00fcle lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen Kenneth J. Arrow oldu. 2007’de Nobel Ekonomi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’ne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen 90 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Leonid Hurwicz, t\u00fcm alanlarda Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc verilen en ya\u015fl\u0131 ki\u015fi olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nobel Ekonomi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’ne bu y\u0131l \u00fcnl\u00fc Frans\u0131z ekonomist Jean Tirole lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Frans\u0131z ekonomist, pazar g\u00fcc\u00fc ve d\u00fczenlemeleri \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 analizlerle \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn sahibi oldu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":197096,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6770,6665,6199,6155,5005],"tags":[5910,174877,10463,82435,5314],"class_list":["post-197091","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-avrupa","category-dunya","category-ekonomi","category-gundem","category-manset","tag-alfred-nobel","tag-isvec-kraliyet-bilimler-akademisi","tag-merkez-bankasi","tag-nobel-ekonomi-odulu","tag-nobel-odulleri"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197091","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=197091"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197091\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/197096"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=197091"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=197091"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=197091"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}