{"id":219520,"date":"2015-10-08T15:32:14","date_gmt":"2015-10-08T12:32:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/?p=219520"},"modified":"2015-10-08T15:32:14","modified_gmt":"2015-10-08T12:32:14","slug":"nobel-edebiyat-odulu-belaruslu-aleksiyevicin-219520","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/nobel-edebiyat-odulu-belaruslu-aleksiyevicin-219520\/","title":{"rendered":"Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc Belaruslu Aleksiyevi\u00e7’in"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"svetlana<\/p>\n

Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fcn bu y\u0131lki sahibi Belaruslu kad\u0131n yazar Svetlana Aleksiyevi\u00e7 oldu.<\/h1>\n

\u0130sve\u00e7 Kraliyet Bilim Akademisi, d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131nda, 67 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Aleksiyevi\u00e7’in “\u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ac\u0131lar\u0131 ve cesaretini an\u0131tla\u015ft\u0131ran \u00e7ok sesli eserleriyle” Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’ne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n

– Svetlana Aleksiyevi\u00e7<\/p>\n

Ukrayna’n\u0131n Stanislav kentinde 1948’de d\u00fcnyaya gelen Aleksiyevi\u00e7, 1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda Minsk \u00dcniversitesi Gazetecilik B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc’nden mezun oldu. Okuldan sonra hem yerel gazetelerde muhabirlik yapan hem de bir okulda ders veren Aleksiyevi\u00e7, daha sonra Neman adl\u0131 edebiyat dergisinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Aleksiyevi\u00e7’in \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131, Sovyet-Afgan Sava\u015f\u0131, \u00c7ernobil facias\u0131, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi olaylara tan\u0131kl\u0131k eden ki\u015filerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 r\u00f6portajlar b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n

Belaruslu yazar Ales Adamovi\u00e7’ten etkilenen Aleksiyevi\u00e7, edebiyata y\u00f6neldi. “Sava\u015f\u0131n Kad\u0131nca Olmayan Y\u00fcz\u00fc” adl\u0131 ilk kitab\u0131n\u0131 1983’te tamamlad\u0131. Ancak kitab\u0131, “kahraman Sovyet kad\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fcc\u00fc ifadeler i\u00e7erdi\u011fi” gerek\u00e7esiyle 1985’e kadar yay\u0131mlanmad\u0131. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n hi\u00e7 bilinmeyen y\u00f6nlerini anlatan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n monologlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan kitap, daha sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcn kazand\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya genelinde 2 milyondan fazla sat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Aleksiyevi\u00e7, Sovyet-Afgan sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Afganistan’\u0131 ziyaret etti. Sava\u015fta \u00f6len gen\u00e7lerin anneleri ve gazilerle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmalar\u0131 “The Boys in Zinc (\u00c7inko \u00c7ocuklar)” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda toplad\u0131.<\/p>\n

1986’daki \u00c7ernobil facias\u0131na tan\u0131kl\u0131k edenlerle ilgili “\u00c7ernobil’den Sesler: N\u00fckleer bir Felaketin S\u00f6zl\u00fc Tarihi” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131 1997’de yay\u0131mlayan Aleksiyevi\u00e7, 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ele\u015ftiren yaz\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan soru\u015fturman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00fclkesinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131. On y\u0131l boyunca Fransa, Almanya ve \u0130sve\u00e7’te ya\u015fad\u0131ktan sonra 2011’de \u00fclkesine geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Aleksiyevi\u00e7’in eserleri, bir\u00e7ok dile \u00e7evrildi. T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilen eserleri aras\u0131nda “Nazi \u0130\u015fgalinde Sovyet Kad\u0131nlar” ve “\u00c7ernobil’den Sesler: N\u00fckleer bir Felaketin S\u00f6zl\u00fc Tarihi” bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Eserleri aras\u0131nda 21 senaryo ve 3 tiyatro oyunu da bulunan Aleksiyevi\u00e7, halihaz\u0131rda a\u015fk \u00f6yk\u00fclerinden olu\u015fan “The Wonderful Deer of the Eternal Hunt” adl\u0131 son kitab\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Aleksiyevi\u00e7, internet sitesinde eserlerini \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

“G\u00f6zlemler, n\u00fcanslar, ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar i\u00e7in insan ya\u015fam\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorum. \u0130lgi alan\u0131m ne hayat\u0131n kendisi, ne sava\u015f, ne \u00c7ernobil ne de intihar. Beni as\u0131l ilgilendiren insano\u011fluna neler oldu\u011fu, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bize neler oldu\u011fu. \u0130nsan nas\u0131l eyleyip nas\u0131l tepki veriyor? \u00d6z\u00fcnde insan\u0131n ne kadar\u0131 biyolojik \u00f6zelliklerden, ne kadar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n getirdiklerinden, ne kadar\u0131 kendisinden olu\u015fuyor?<\/p>\n

Y\u0131llarca ger\u00e7ek ya\u015fama olas\u0131 en yak\u0131n yolu bulmak i\u00e7in yazma bi\u00e7imlerini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131m. T\u0131pk\u0131 bir m\u0131knat\u0131s gibi beni kendine \u00e7eken ger\u00e7eklik, bana i\u015fkence ediyor, uyu\u015fturuyor. Ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi yakalay\u0131p ka\u011f\u0131da d\u00f6kmek istiyorum. \u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden insan seslerini ve itiraflar\u0131n\u0131, tan\u0131kl\u0131k edenlerin ifadelerini kullan\u0131yorum. Ben d\u00fcnyay\u0131 nas\u0131l duyuyor ve g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsam \u00f6yle yaz\u0131yorum: Tek tek insanlar\u0131n seslerinden olu\u015fan bir koro ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ayr\u0131nt\u0131lardan bir kolaj. \u0130\u015fte bu \u015fekilde ayn\u0131 anda bir yazar, gazeteci, sosyolog, psikolog ve vaiz olabiliyorum.”<\/p>\n

Aleksiyevi\u00e7, 8 milyon \u0130sve\u00e7 Kronu (yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 milyon lira) tutar\u0131ndaki \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn de sahibi oldu.<\/p>\n

\u0130sve\u00e7 Kraliyet Bilim Akademisi, yar\u0131n Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc kazanan ismi a\u00e7\u0131klayacak. Nobel Ekonomi \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fcn sahibi ise 12 Ekim’de belli olacak.<\/p>\n

Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en prestijli \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc i\u00e7in adaylar, her bir alan i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulan komite \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan belirleniyor. Akademi \u00fcyelerinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 oylamada da oylar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu alan aday, \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn sahibi oluyor.<\/p>\n

– Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc<\/p>\n

1901 ve 2014 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 107 kez Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc verildi. Toplam 111 ki\u015fiye lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6d\u00fcllerden sadece d\u00f6rd\u00fc iki yazar aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. En son 1974’te Eyvind Johnson ve Harry Martinson, Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc payla\u015fan yazarlar oldu.<\/p>\n

Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’ne \u015fimdiye kadar 13 kad\u0131n lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc: Selma Lagerl\u00f6f (1909), Grazia Deledda (1926), Sigrid Undset (1928), Pearl Buck (1938), Gabriela Mistral (1945), Nelly Sachs (1966), Nadine Gordimer (1991), Toni Morrison (1993), Wislawa Szymborska (1996), Elfriede Jelinek (2004), Doris Lessing (2007), Herta M\u00fcller (2009) ve Alice Munro (2013).<\/p>\n

Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc alan en gen\u00e7 yazar Rudyard Kipling oldu. “Orman \u00c7ocu\u011fu” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131yla t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada \u00fcn kazanan \u0130ngiliz yazar Kipling, 1907’de \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 42 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc verilen en ya\u015fl\u0131 yazar ise 2007’de 88 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken \u00f6d\u00fcle lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen Doris Lessing oldu.<\/p>\n

– \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc almayanlar<\/p>\n

\u0130ki yazar, Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc geri \u00e7evirdi. 1958’de \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc kazanan Boris Pasternak, \u00f6nce \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc kabul etti, ancak daha sonra \u00fclkesi Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin bask\u0131s\u0131yla geri \u00e7evirdi.<\/p>\n

Nobel Komitesi taraf\u0131ndan 1964’te Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’ne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen Jean Paul Sartre ise ilke olarak hi\u00e7bir \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc kabul etmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in Nobel’i almad\u0131.<\/p>\n

– Diller<\/p>\n

Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc \u015fimdiye kadar 27 kez \u0130ngilizce, 14 kez Frans\u0131zca, 13 kez Almanca ve 11 kez de \u0130spanyol dilinde yazan ustalara verildi. Bu dilleri 7 \u00f6d\u00fclle \u0130sve\u00e7\u00e7e, 6 \u00f6d\u00fclle \u0130talyanca, 5 \u00f6d\u00fclle Rusya, 4 \u00f6d\u00fclle Leh\u00e7e, \u00fc\u00e7er \u00f6d\u00fclle de Norve\u00e7\u00e7e ve Danca izledi. Yunanca, Japonca ve \u00c7ince yazan yazarlar, iki\u015fer kez \u00f6d\u00fcle lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Arap\u00e7a, Bengalce, \u00c7ek\u00e7e, Fince, \u0130branice, Macarca, \u0130zlandaca, Portekizce, S\u0131rp\u00e7a-H\u0131rvat\u00e7a, Yiddi\u015f ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yazan yazarlar ise birer kez \u00f6d\u00fcl kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n

2006’da Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc kazanan Orhan Pamuk, Nobel alan ilk T\u00fcrk oldu.<\/p>\n

– Tek bir eserle \u00f6d\u00fcle lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclenler<\/p>\n

Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc, yazar\u0131n t\u00fcm eserleri i\u00e7in veriliyor. Ancak Nobel Komitesi, \u00f6d\u00fcle lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen 111 yazardan dokuzunda \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klarken tek bir eserlerinden bahsetti: Theodor Mommsen – “Roma Tarihi” (1902), Carl Spitteler – “Olimpos’ta Bahar” (1919), Knut Hamsun – “Toprak Ye\u015ferince” (1920), Wladyslaw Reymont – “Gen\u00e7 Polonyal\u0131lar” (1924), Thomas Mann – “Buddenbrooks” (1929), John Galsworthy – “Forsyte Destan\u0131”(1932), Roger Martin Du Gard – “Les Thibault” (1937), Ernest Hemingway – “Ya\u015fl\u0131 Adam ve Deniz” (1954) ve Mihail \u015eolokov – “Ve Durgun Akard\u0131 Don” (1965).<\/p>\n

– Madalya<\/p>\n

Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc kazananlara \u00f6d\u00fcllerinin takdim edildi\u011fi ak\u015fam bir de \u0130sve\u00e7li heykelt\u0131ra\u015f ve grav\u00fcrc\u00fc Erik Lindberg taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanan madalya veriliyor.Gen\u00e7 adam, ilham perisinin \u015fark\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 dinleyip dizine koydu\u011fu sayfaya yaz\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Madalyada ayn\u0131 zamanda Vergilius’un Aeneid adl\u0131 eserinden “Inventas vitam juvat excoluisse per artes” ifadesi bulunuyor. Latince ifade, “Yeni bulu\u015flar, sanatla g\u00fczelle\u015fen hayat\u0131 daha da zengin k\u0131lar” anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n

– Defneden ta\u00e7<\/p>\n

Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kazananlar i\u00e7in \u0130ngilizce “Nobel Laureates” ifadesi kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. “Laureate” s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, defne dallar\u0131 ve yapraklar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ta\u00e7 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Antik Yunan’da m\u00fczi\u011fin, g\u00fczel sanatlar\u0131n, g\u00fcne\u015fin, ate\u015fin ve \u015fiirin tanr\u0131s\u0131 olan Apollon taraf\u0131ndan tak\u0131lan defne tac\u0131, spor m\u00fcsabakalar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u015fiir yar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n kazananlar\u0131na “gurur sembol\u00fc” olarak arma\u011fan ediliyordu.<\/p>\n

– 2001’den bu yana Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc kazananlar<\/p>\n

2001: Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul (Trinidad)<\/p>\n

2002: Imre Kertesz (Macaristan)<\/p>\n

2003: John M. Coetzee (G\u00fcney Afrika)<\/p>\n

2004: Elfriede Jelinek (Avusturya)<\/p>\n

2005: Harold Pinter (\u0130ngiltere)<\/p>\n

2006: Orhan Pamuk (T\u00fcrkiye)<\/p>\n

2007: Doris Lessing (\u0130ngiltere)<\/p>\n

2008: Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio (Fransa)<\/p>\n

2009: Herta M\u00fcller (Romanya<\/p>\n

2010: Mario Vargas Llosa (Peru)<\/p>\n

2011: Tomas Transtr\u00f6mer (\u0130sve\u00e7)<\/p>\n

2012: Mo Yan (\u00c7in)<\/p>\n

2013: Alice Munro (Kanada)<\/p>\n

2014: Patrick Modiano (Fransa)<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fcn bu y\u0131lki sahibi Belaruslu kad\u0131n yazar Svetlana Aleksiyevi\u00e7 oldu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":219522,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6770,6665,6155,5005,6202,6670],"tags":[82147,5314],"class_list":["post-219520","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-avrupa","category-dunya","category-gundem","category-manset","category-politika","category-sanat","tag-nobel-edebiyat","tag-nobel-odulleri"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219520","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=219520"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219520\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/219522"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=219520"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=219520"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=219520"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}