![\"dikilitas\"](\"http:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/dikilitas-540x360.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
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AA muhabirinin \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan derledi\u011fi bilgiye g\u00f6re, \u00f6zelikle Bizansl\u0131lar, \u0130stanbul’un d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131n\u0131 Roma ve M\u0131s\u0131r’dan getirilen dikilita\u015flarla donatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130stanbul’un en ya\u015fl\u0131 an\u0131t\u0131 say\u0131lan ve halk aras\u0131nda “Dikili\u00adta\u015f” diye bilinen I. Theodosius S\u00fctunu, Sultanahmet Meydan\u0131’nda g\u00f6renleri etkilemeye devam ediyor.<\/p>\n
M\u00d6 1500’l\u00fc y\u0131llarda \u00f6n Asya seferinde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan Firavun 3. Tutmosis taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lan ve M\u0131s\u0131r’daki Karnak Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131’na yerle\u015ftirilen s\u00fctun, Bizans \u0130mparatoru I. Theodosius taraf\u0131ndan 390’da \u0130stanbul’a getirtildi. \u0130mparator, ta\u015f\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131 Sultanahmet olan Hipodrom Meydan\u0131’na yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fini g\u00f6remeden \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Dikilita\u015f, yakla\u015f\u0131k 32 g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir u\u011fra\u015f sonunda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yerine konuldu. \u0130ki farkl\u0131 par\u00e7adan olu\u015fan ta\u015f\u0131n tepesindeki hiyeroglif 3. Tutmosis’in zafer metinleri olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Bizansl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan sihirli yaz\u0131tlar olarak addedildi ve halk abideden medet umdu.<\/p>\n
S\u00fctunun yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fi kaide, ta\u015f\u0131n dikili\u015f hikayesini ve \u0130mparator Teodisus’un hayat\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli kesitleri i\u00e7eriyor. Kaidede hem Grek\u00e7e hem de Latince olarak s\u00fctunun dikili\u015f hikayesi anlat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
– Y\u0131lanl\u0131 S\u00fctun<\/p>\n
Sultanahmet Meydan\u0131’nda Dikilita\u015f’\u0131n hemen yan\u0131nda topra\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7ine g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc gibi duran Burmal\u0131 ya da Y\u0131lanl\u0131 S\u00fctun ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan dikilita\u015f\u0131n anavatan\u0131 da Roma.<\/p>\n
Burmal\u0131 s\u00fctun, M\u00d6 500 sonlar\u0131n\u00adda Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n, \u00fclkelerini istila eden Persler’e kar\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131klar\u0131 zaferin an\u0131s\u0131 ola\u00adrak, ele ge\u00e7en silahlar\u0131n eritilmesiy\u00adle yap\u0131larak, \u015f\u00fckran ifadesi olarak Apollon Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131’na arma\u011fan edildi. Ba\u015fkentini s\u00fcslemek isteyen I. Konstantin, s\u00fctunu 324’te \u0130stanbul’a getirtti.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze 29 bo\u011fumu ula\u015fan s\u00fctunun, \u015fehri b\u00f6ceklere ve s\u00fcr\u00fcngenlere kar\u015f\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lere sahip oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. S\u00fctuna ait y\u0131lan kafalar\u0131ndan ikisi kay\u0131pken, biri \u0130stanbul Arkeoloji M\u00fczeleri’nde sergileniyor.<\/p>\n
– D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Ortas\u0131 “Milyon Ta\u015f\u0131”<\/p>\n
\u0130stanbul’da Bizans d\u00f6neminden kalma renklerden biri de Sultanahmet’te, Yenibatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131’n\u0131n hemen yan\u0131ndaki Milyon Ta\u015f\u0131.<\/p>\n
I. Konstantin zaman\u0131nda yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen s\u00fctun, t\u00fcm Antik Roma yollar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm \u015fehirlerin, Konstantinopolis’e olan mesafesinin hesaplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan s\u0131f\u0131r noktas\u0131 kabul edildi.<\/p>\n
“Her yol Roma’ya \u00e7\u0131kar” s\u00f6z\u00fcne kaynak oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen s\u00fctuna, Bizansl\u0131lar b\u00fcy\u00fck anlamlar ve efsaneler y\u00fckledi. Bizans halk\u0131n\u0131n inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir efsaneye g\u00f6re, Milyon Ta\u015f\u0131’ndan ileri hi\u00e7bir d\u00fc\u015fman askeri ge\u00e7emez, ge\u00e7meye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa g\u00f6kten inen bir melek taraf\u0131ndan ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu y\u00fczden \u0130stanbul’un fethi s\u0131ras\u0131nda halk\u0131n Ayasofya’ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, Fatih ve ordusunun Milyon Ta\u015f\u0131’ndan ge\u00e7erken ortadan ikiye ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 bekledi\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde d\u00f6rt s\u00fctun taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131nan bir kubbe g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnde olan Milyon Ta\u015f\u0131, zamanla yava\u015f yava\u015f par\u00e7aland\u0131 ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc tek bir s\u00fctundan ibaret olan hale geldi.<\/p>\n
– Yan\u0131k s\u00fctun “\u00c7emberlita\u015f”<\/p>\n
\u0130stanbul’da bir semte ad\u0131n\u0131 veren dikilita\u015flardan biri de \u00c7emberlita\u015f.<\/p>\n
Beyaz\u0131t’tan Sultanahmet’e do\u011fru inerken, tarihi caddenin sol k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer alan s\u00fctun, anavatan\u0131 Frig\u00adya’dan al\u0131narak, Roma’daki Apollon Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne dikildi. I. Konstantin \u0130stanbul’u yeni ba\u015ftan imar ederken bu s\u00fctunu Roma’dan getirtti ve 330’da \u015fimdiki yerine dikerek, \u00fczerine heykelini koydurttu. Konstan\u00adtin’in heykeli, bir s\u00fcre sonra tahta ge\u00e7en Julianus taraf\u0131ndan indirildi ve yerine kendi heykelini koydurttu. Fakat Juli\u00adanus’un heykeli de burada pek faz\u00adla kalamad\u0131. Roma taht\u0131na ge\u00e7en I. Theodosius bu heykeli kendisininki ile de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Theodosius’un heykeli de do\u011faya yenik d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; onu bir y\u0131l\u00add\u0131r\u0131m devirdi.<\/p>\n
S\u00fctun, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, 1672’de \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131nda zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve bat\u0131 literat\u00fcr\u00fcne “Yan\u0131k S\u00fctun” olarak ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
II. Mustafa d\u00f6neminde tamir i\u00e7in etraf\u0131 demir \u00e7emberlerle desteklenen s\u00fctun halk aras\u0131nda “\u00c7emberlita\u015f” olarak an\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n
– K\u0131zta\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n
Halk aras\u0131nda “K\u0131zta\u015f\u0131” diye bili\u00adnen “Marcianus S\u00fctunu”, Fatih Sara\u00e7hane’deki bir meydan\u0131n orta\u00ads\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. \u00dczerinde Tanr\u0131\u00e7a Nike heykeli ta\u015f\u0131yan bu an\u0131t\u0131, kentin valisi Tatianus, \u0130mparator Marcianus (450-457) onuruna diktirdi.<\/p>\n
Yakla\u015f\u0131k 1560 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fctunla ilgili anlat\u0131lan efsanelerden biri \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n
“Ayasofya Kilisesi yap\u0131l\u0131rken, t\u0131ls\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00e7ok kuvvetli olan bir k\u0131z, s\u0131rt\u0131na y\u00fckledi\u011fi koca bir s\u00fctunla in\u015faat alan\u0131na do\u011fru gidiyormu\u015f. Bu s\u0131rada aniden kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na bir cin \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve k\u0131za nereye gitti\u011fini sormu\u015f. K\u0131z ‘Ayasofya diye bir kilise yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duydum. \u00c7orbada benim de tuzum bulunsun diye bu s\u00fctunu oraya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyorum’ demi\u015f. Cin ‘Sen ge\u00e7 kalm\u0131\u015fs\u0131n, kilise \u00e7oktan bitti. Sen o ta\u015f\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n yere b\u0131rak’ diye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermi\u015f. K\u0131z \u00fcz\u00fclerek ta\u015f\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yere dikine b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f. Ancak i\u00e7ine de bir ku\u015fku d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. Kendi g\u00f6z\u00fcyle kiliseyi g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in yola d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f gen\u00e7 k\u0131z. Ayasofya’ya var\u0131nca bir de ne g\u00f6rs\u00fcn. \u0130n\u015faat bitmek \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, daha yar\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f bile. O zaman gen\u00e7 k\u0131z cinin kendisini kand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015f ve ta\u015f\u0131 geri almak i\u00e7in hemen geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f. Ne var ki, dikili duran ta\u015f\u0131 yerinden k\u0131p\u0131rdatamam\u0131\u015f. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc gen\u00e7 k\u0131z, cinin s\u00f6z\u00fcne uyup ta\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u0131ls\u0131ml\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kaybetmi\u015f. \u0130\u015fte o g\u00fcnd\u00fcr, bug\u00fcnd\u00fcr bu s\u00fctun K\u0131zta\u015f\u0131 olarak an\u0131l\u0131r olmu\u015f.”<\/p>\n
– Ni\u015fanta\u015f\u0131 ordunun at\u0131\u015f talimleri yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 aland\u0131<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde at\u0131\u015f al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ya da yar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda okun d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yere dikilen \u00fcst\u00fcnde kitabe olan ta\u015fa “ni\u015fanta\u015f\u0131” denilirdi.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131n\u0131 bu gelenekten alan Ni\u015fanta\u015f\u0131 semtinde iki dikilita\u015f bulunuyor.<\/p>\n
– Ok\u00e7ular\u0131n diyar\u0131 “Okmeydan\u0131”<\/p>\n
\u0130stanbul’da keskin g\u00f6zc\u00fc ok\u00e7ular\u0131n toplanma yeri; Okmeydan\u0131’yd\u0131. Vaktiyle Alt\u0131n Boynuz’un ok yar\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla \u015fenlenen yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda keskin g\u00f6zl\u00fc ok\u00e7ular kozunu payla\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ok\u00e7uluk m\u00fcsabakas\u0131nda rekor k\u0131ran bir ok\u00e7u ad\u0131na ya da k\u0131ran k\u0131rana ge\u00e7en bir m\u00fcsabakan\u0131n ard\u0131ndan bir an\u0131 olarak dikilen ta\u015flar\u0131n, \u00fczerinde manzum yaz\u0131lar yer al\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Okmeydan\u0131, \u00c7\u0131ksal\u0131n, Hask\u00f6y, S\u00fctl\u00fcce, Tozkoparan merkezlerine serpi\u015ftirilmi\u015f ni\u015fan ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcn hak etti\u011fi k\u0131ymeti g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6ylemek pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Aralar\u0131nda Sultan II. Mahmut ve III. Selim’in de diktirdi\u011fi ni\u015fan ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kimi gecekondular\u0131n bah\u00e7elerinde kald\u0131 kimi de gecekondular\u0131n temelinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bizans imparatorlar\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00e7e\u015fitli vesilelerle ba\u015fkentleri \u0130stanbul’u s\u00fcslemek i\u00e7in yerle\u015ftirdikleri ve halk taraf\u0131ndan “t\u0131ls\u0131ml\u0131” oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lan dikilita\u015flar, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de yerli ve yabanc\u0131 turistlerin en \u00e7ok ziyaret etti\u011fi yerlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":222382,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6155,6221,6805],"tags":[15563,1011,47687,2377],"class_list":["post-222379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem","category-kultur","category-turkiye","tag-dikilitas","tag-istanbul","tag-okmeydani","tag-sultanahmet"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/222379","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=222379"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/222379\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/222382"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=222379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=222379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=222379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}