{"id":262707,"date":"2018-03-14T10:22:50","date_gmt":"2018-03-14T07:22:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/?p=262707"},"modified":"2018-03-14T10:22:50","modified_gmt":"2018-03-14T07:22:50","slug":"unlu-ingiliz-fizikci-stephen-hawking-76-yasinda-hayatini-kaybetti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/unlu-ingiliz-fizikci-stephen-hawking-76-yasinda-hayatini-kaybetti\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dcnl\u00fc \u0130ngiliz fizik\u00e7i Stephen Hawking 76 ya\u015f\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc bilim insan\u0131 hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. \u0130ngiliz fizik profes\u00f6r\u00fc ve evrenbilimci Stephen Hawking, 76 ya\u015f\u0131nda hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 40\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerinde dile \u00e7evrilen Stephen Hawking, bilim \u00e7evrelerinde Albert Einstein\u2019dan sonraki en b\u00fcy\u00fck dahi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi.<\/h2>\n

Bilim \u00e7evrelerinde Albert Einstein\u2019dan sonraki en b\u00fcy\u00fck dahi olarak g\u00f6sterilen, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc bilim insan\u0131, \u0130ngiliz fizik profes\u00f6r\u00fc ve evrenbilimci Stephen Hawking, 76 ya\u015f\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n

Stephen Hawking’in \u00f6l\u00fcm g\u00fcn\u00fc, belki de kaderin bir cilvesi olarak yolunu takip etti\u011fi bir ba\u015fka b\u00fcy\u00fck fizik\u00e7i Albert Einstein’\u0131n do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcne denk geldi. Einstein’\u0131n ‘\u0130zafiyet Teorisi’ \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015f olan Stephen Hawking elde etti\u011fi sonu\u00e7larla 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck bulu\u015flar\u0131na imza atmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiliz fizik\u00e7inin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 Lucy, Robert ve Tim, babalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle ilgili yaz\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulunarak, \u201cBabam\u0131z\u0131 kaybetmenin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir bilim insan\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve miras\u0131 y\u0131llarca ya\u015fayacak ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir ki\u015filikti\u201d dediler.<\/p>\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck bulu\u015flar\u0131ndan birine imza att\u0131<\/h3>\n

Stephen Hawking, evrenin temel prensipleri \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrken, Roger Penrose ile birlikte Einstein’\u0131n uzay ve zaman\u0131 kapsayan ‘Genel G\u00f6relilik Kuram\u0131’n\u0131n (\u0130zafiyet Teorisi), Big Bang’le ba\u015flay\u0131p karadeliklerle sonland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

Bu sonu\u00e7 Kuantum mekani\u011fi ile Genel G\u00f6relilik Kuram\u0131’n\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fini ortaya koydu. Hawking, bununla 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck bulu\u015flar\u0131ndan birine imza atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kaderin cilvesi mi bilinmez ama Albert Einstein\u2019\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011fu g\u00fcn olan 14 Mart’ta (1879), d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en b\u00fcy\u00fck fizik\u00e7ilerden birisi, Stephen Hawking\u2019in de \u00f6l\u00fcm g\u00fcn\u00fc oldu (14 Mart 2018)<\/p>\n

“Ya\u015fant\u0131mdan olduk\u00e7a memnunum”<\/h4>\n

Hawking, 2013’te \u201cMy Brief History\u201d (K\u0131sa Tarihim) ad\u0131ndaki otobiyografisini kaleme alm\u0131\u015f, kitab\u0131nda neredeyse t\u00fcm hayat\u0131 boyunca m\u00fccadele etti\u011fi ALS hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da, \u201cBunun benim ba\u015f\u0131ma gelmesinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir haks\u0131zl\u0131k oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm ve hayat\u0131m\u0131n bitti\u011fini sanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. 50 y\u0131l sonra s\u00f6yleyebilirim ki, ya\u015fant\u0131mdan olduk\u00e7a memnunum\u201d yorumunda bulunmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

‘Zaman\u0131n K\u0131sa Tarihi ‘237 hafta best seller kalmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131<\/h4>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc fizik\u00e7i Hawking\u2019in 1988’de kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cA Brief History Of Time\u201d (Zaman\u0131n K\u0131sa Tarihi) ad\u0131ndaki kitab\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede en \u00e7ok satanlar listesine girmeyi ba\u015far\u0131p, tam 237 hafta listedeki yerini korumu\u015ftu. Bu arada \u0130ngiliz bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n miras b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cZaman\u0131n K\u0131sa Tarihi\u201d halen best seller listesine girmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f en komplike kitaplardan biri.<\/p>\n

Hawking, o zaman yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u201c\u0130lk ba\u015fta niyetim, kitab\u0131m\u0131n havaalanlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fckkanlarda sat\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. Kitab\u0131n dilinin anla\u015f\u0131labilir olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nce hem\u015fireler \u00fczerinde denedim, san\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7o\u011funu anlamay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar\u201d demi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

The Theory of Eveything ile hayat\u0131 film oldu<\/h5>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc fizik\u00e7i Stephen Hawking\u2019in hayat\u0131 beyaz perdeye de uyarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. The Theory of Eveything (Her \u015eeyin Teorisi) isimli filmde \u0130ngiliz bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n gen\u00e7li\u011fi, ilk evlili\u011fi ve \u00e7ekti\u011fi zorluklar anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n sonunun 200 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde gelece\u011fine inan\u0131yordu<\/h5>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc fizik profes\u00f6r\u00fc Hawking, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonunun yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ediyordu. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki kaynaklar\u0131n 200 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde t\u00fckenece\u011fini ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hayatta kalmak ad\u0131na di\u011fer gezegenlere a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyip, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi gerekti\u011fini savunuyordu.<\/p>\n

Stephen Hawking\u2019in hayat\u0131…<\/h6>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc bilim insan\u0131 Stephen Hawking, 8 Ocak 1942 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere’de d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Daha 8 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken Londra\u2019n\u0131n 30 km uza\u011f\u0131ndaki St Albans\u2019a gitti. 11’inde St Albans okuluna kay\u0131t oldu. Mezuniyeti sonras\u0131 babas\u0131n\u0131n eski okulu Oxford \u00dcniversitesi kolejine gitti. Babas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131pla ilgilenmesini istemesine kar\u015f\u0131n, o matemati\u011fi seviyordu. Ancak okulun matematik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc mevcut de\u011fildi. Bunun i\u00e7in onun yerine fizik \u00f6\u011frenimi g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra do\u011fa bilimlerinde birinci s\u0131n\u0131f onur madalyas\u0131yla \u00f6d\u00fcllendirildi.<\/p>\n

Hawking daha sonra kozmoloji (evrenbilim) \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere Cambridge\u2019e gitti. O zamanlar Oxford\u2019da evren bilimi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yoktu.<\/p>\n

Cambridge\u2019de dan\u0131\u015fman olarak Fred Hoyle\u2019u istemesine kar\u015f\u0131n Dennis Sciamaatanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Doktoras\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra ilk \u00f6nce ara\u015ft\u0131rma asistan\u0131, daha sonra Gonville and Caius College\u2019de profes\u00f6r asistan\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

1973\u2019de G\u00f6kbilim Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra Stephen Hawking, Uygulamal\u0131 matematik ve Kuramsal fizik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti. 1979\u2019dan sonra matematik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Lucasian matematik profes\u00f6r\u00fc oldu.<\/p>\n

Bu profes\u00f6rl\u00fck 1663 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcniversite parlamento \u00fcyesi olan Henry Lucas taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftu. \u0130lk olarak Isaac Barrow sonra 1669\u2019da Isaac Newton\u2019a verilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\"Stephen<\/p>\n

Hawking, evrenin temel prensipleri \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Roger Penrose ile birlikte Einstein\u2019\u0131n Uzay ve Zaman\u0131 kapsayan Genel G\u00f6relilik Kuram\u0131n\u0131n, Big Bang\u2019le ba\u015flay\u0131p karadeliklerle sonland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Bu sonu\u00e7 Kuantum mekani\u011fi ile Genel G\u00f6relilik Kuram\u0131\u2019n\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fini ortaya koyuyordu. Bu yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck bulu\u015flar\u0131ndan biriydi.<\/p>\n

Bu birle\u015fmenin bir sonucu da kara deliklerin asl\u0131nda tamamen kara olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, fakat radyasyon yay\u0131p buharla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyordu.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer bir sonu\u00e7 da evrenin bir sonu ve s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fuydu. Bu da evrenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n tamamen bilimsel kurallar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde meydana geldi\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyordu.<\/p>\n

Stephen Hawking\u2019in hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sonras\u0131\u2026<\/h6>\n

Hawking, 1960\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda 21 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken tedavisi olmayan Amyotrofik lateral skleroz (ALS) hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakaland\u0131. Motor n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n zamanla y\u00fczde seksenini \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek sinir sistemini fel\u00e7 eden, ancak beynin zihinsel faaliyetlerine dokunmayan bu sinsi hastal\u0131k, Hawking\u2019i tekerlekli sandalyede ya\u015famaya mahkum etti.<\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc bilim insan\u0131, 1985 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana sesini de yitirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, koltu\u011funa yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, yaz\u0131lar\u0131 sese d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilen bilgisayar\u0131 sayesinde insanlarla ileti\u015fim kurabiliyordu.<\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc fizik\u00e7i en son 25 Kas\u0131m tarihinde Vatikan\u2019da \u201cEvrenin Kayna\u011f\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir konferans vermi\u015f ve Papa Francis ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 1942 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Oxford kentinde do\u011fan Steven Hawking, kuantum fizi\u011fi ve kara delikler \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla tan\u0131n\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc bilim insan\u0131 hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. \u0130ngiliz fizik profes\u00f6r\u00fc ve evrenbilimci Stephen Hawking, 76 ya\u015f\u0131nda hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 40\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerinde dile \u00e7evrilen Stephen Hawking, bilim \u00e7evrelerinde Albert Einstein\u2019dan sonraki en b\u00fcy\u00fck dahi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. Bilim \u00e7evrelerinde Albert Einstein\u2019dan sonraki en b\u00fcy\u00fck dahi olarak g\u00f6sterilen, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc bilim insan\u0131, \u0130ngiliz fizik profes\u00f6r\u00fc ve …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9192198,"featured_media":262709,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[763,5005,6202,349],"tags":[55258,5390,22363],"class_list":["post-262707","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunun-olayi","category-manset","category-politika","category-son-dakika","tag-albert-einstein","tag-oxford-universitesi","tag-stephen-hawking"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/262707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9192198"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=262707"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/262707\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/262709"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=262707"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=262707"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=262707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}