{"id":267477,"date":"2018-07-18T17:34:38","date_gmt":"2018-07-18T14:34:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/?p=267477"},"modified":"2018-07-18T17:38:43","modified_gmt":"2018-07-18T14:38:43","slug":"irkcilikla-mucadele-ve-ozgurluk-icin-adanmis-bir-omur-nelson-mandela-100-yasinda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/irkcilikla-mucadele-ve-ozgurluk-icin-adanmis-bir-omur-nelson-mandela-100-yasinda\/","title":{"rendered":"Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadele ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck i\u00e7in adanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00f6m\u00fcr! Nelson Mandela 100 ya\u015f\u0131nda"},"content":{"rendered":"

Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadelenin simge isimlerinden Nelson Mandela 100. do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcnde an\u0131l\u0131yor. Hayat\u0131 boyunca \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele veren Mandela, 5 Aral\u0131k 2013’te hayata veda etmi\u015fti.<\/h2>\n

D\u00fcnyada “\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve uzla\u015f\u0131n\u0131n lideri” olarak tan\u0131nan G\u00fcney Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131n efsanevi lideri Nelson Mandela, do\u011fumunun 100. y\u0131l\u0131nda an\u0131l\u0131yor. Mandela, hayat\u0131n\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmeye ve G\u00fcney Afrika’da toplumun t\u00fcm bireylerinin e\u015fit haklarla ya\u015fayabilece\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck davas\u0131na adad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nelson Mandela Kimdir?<\/h3>\n

Tembu kabilesi \u015fefinin o\u011flu olarak 18 Temmuz 1918\u2019de d\u00fcnyaya gelen Nelson Mandela, G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ilk siyah\u00ee devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu. 1994\u2019te ilk defa t\u00fcm halk\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerde devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi. \u00dclkeyi y\u00f6netimi s\u00fcresince Apartheid\u2019\u0131n miras\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 engellemeye, fakirlik ve e\u015fitsizli\u011fi \u00f6nleyici politikalara y\u00f6nelen “Demokratik Sosyalist” Mandela, Afrika Ulusal Konseyi partisinin genel ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 1990-99 y\u0131llar\u0131 boyunca s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Fort Hare \u00dcniversitesi ve Witwatersrand \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde hukuk e\u011fitimi g\u00f6rd\u00fc. 1942’teki mezuniyetinin ard\u0131ndan \u00fclkedeki ilk siyahi avukat oldu. S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareketi benimsedikten sonra ANC’nin gen\u00e7lik kollar\u0131n\u0131 kurdu. Ulusal Parti, Apartheid\u2019\u0131 1948\u2019de uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ANC\u2019nin 1952\u2019deki Ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 M\u00fccadelesi (Defiance Campaign)\u2019nde g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpt\u0131 ve Halk Kongresinde buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Transvaal ANC koluna ba\u015fkan olarak se\u00e7ildi. Avukat olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken s\u00fcrekli olarak k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 aktivitelerden ve 1956\u2019dan 1961\u2019e kadar s\u00fcren \u0130hanet Duru\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019ndan dolay\u0131 tutukland\u0131.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NationalTurk.News\/videos\/832124510320301\/<\/p>\n

G\u00fcney Afrika Kom\u00fcnist Partisi ile i\u015f birli\u011fi yaparak 1961\u2019de, Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kurdu. 1962\u2019de yeniden tutukland\u0131 ve h\u00fckumeti devirmek i\u00e7in komplo kurmak ve sabotaj etmekten dolay\u0131 \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 1990’da d\u00fcnya genelinde d\u00fczenlenen kampanya sonucu serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadelenin t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131z kazanmas\u0131 ve bu m\u00fccadelenin sembol\u00fc haline gelmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynad\u0131. <\/p>\n

Demokratik bir G\u00fcney Afrika kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Mandela\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7abalar\u0131, 18 Mart 1992\u2019de de Klerk taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan, siyahlara e\u015fit vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131 verilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi teklifinin halk oylamas\u0131yla kabul edilmesi sonucu amac\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu. 1994’te t\u00fcm halk\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imleri kazanarak \u00fclkenin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. 10 May\u0131s 1994\u2019te yemin ederek \u00fclkenin ilk siyahi cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n

Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak yeni bir anayasa olu\u015fturdu ve toprak reformu, yoksullukla m\u00fccadele ve sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi gibi politikalar\u0131 uygularken ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Do\u011fruluk ve Uzla\u015fma Komisyonu\u2019nu kurdu. <\/p>\n

G\u00f6rev s\u00fcresinin dolmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ikinci kez se\u00e7ime girmeyen Mandela daha sonra “Ulusal Lider” olarak yoksulluk ve AIDS ile m\u00fccadeleye odakland\u0131.<\/p>\n

1993 Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc, ABD \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Madalyas\u0131 ve Sovyet Lenin Ni\u015fan\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere 250\u2019nin \u00fczerinde \u00f6d\u00fcl kazand\u0131. G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da \u201cUlusun Babas\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, kurdu\u011fu Nelson Mandela Vakf\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yoksullukla ve HIV\/AIDS hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131yla m\u00fccadele etmeye y\u00f6nelik hay\u0131r ama\u00e7l\u0131 faaliyetlerde bulunan Mandela, daha sonra inzivaya \u00e7ekilerek hayat\u0131n\u0131n kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fdu\u011fu k\u00f6y Qunu\u2019da ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n

5 Aral\u0131k 2013’te, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Jacob Zuma taraf\u0131ndan Devlet Televizyonunda a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadelenin simge isimlerinden Nelson Mandela 100. do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcnde an\u0131l\u0131yor. Hayat\u0131 boyunca \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele veren Mandela, 5 Aral\u0131k 2013’te hayata veda etmi\u015fti. D\u00fcnyada “\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve uzla\u015f\u0131n\u0131n lideri” olarak tan\u0131nan G\u00fcney Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131n efsanevi lideri Nelson Mandela, do\u011fumunun 100. y\u0131l\u0131nda an\u0131l\u0131yor. Mandela, hayat\u0131n\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmeye ve G\u00fcney Afrika’da toplumun t\u00fcm bireylerinin e\u015fit haklarla ya\u015fayabilece\u011fi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":267479,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[61002,6155,763],"tags":[601,27327,30265,5604],"class_list":["post-267477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biyografi","category-gundem","category-gunun-olayi","tag-guney-afrika","tag-nelson-mandela","tag-nelson-mandela-kimdir","tag-nobel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267477","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=267477"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267477\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/267479"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=267477"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=267477"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=267477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}