Norve\u00e7 Nobel Komitesi, Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fcn cinsel \u015fiddeti sona erdirme \u00e7abalar\u0131 nedeniyle Doktor Denis Mukwege ve Ezidi aktivist Nadia Murad’a verildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Mukwege ve Murad’\u0131n, “Sava\u015f ve silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda cinsel \u015fiddetin bir ara\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bitirilmesi i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar” nedeniyle \u00f6d\u00fcle lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirtildi.<\/p>\n
Hayat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti’ndeki cinsel \u015fiddet ma\u011fdurlar\u0131na yard\u0131m etmeye adayan jinekolog Denis Mukwege, y\u0131llard\u0131r tecav\u00fcz ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n\u0131n tedavisi i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yor. <\/p>\n
Mukwege ve ekibinin, cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131lara maruz kalm\u0131\u015f binlerce ki\u015fiyi tedavi etti\u011fi biliniyor. <\/p>\n
1955 do\u011fumlu aktivist ve insan haklar\u0131 savunucusu Kongolu jinekolog, sava\u015f ortam\u0131nda tecav\u00fcze u\u011frayan kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Bukavu\u2019da kurdu\u011fu Panzi isimli hastanede etkili bir \u015fekilde tedavi etmesiyle yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131n\u0131yor. <\/p>\n
Kongolu doktor, aralar\u0131nda BM insan haklar\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn de bulundu\u011fu \u00e7ok say\u0131da uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcle sahip. <\/p>\n
Ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc DEA\u015e taraf\u0131ndan 2014’de 21 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan ve 6 erkek karde\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Ezidi aktivist Nadia Murad, daha sonra \u00f6rg\u00fctten ka\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015fararak Almanya’ya gitmi\u015fti. <\/p>\n
Eyl\u00fcl 2016’da BM \u0130yi Niyet El\u00e7isi ilan edilen Murad, 2017’de Avrupa Konseyi taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen Vaclav Havel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’ne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. <\/p>\n
Ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan beri insan ticaretini durdurmak i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele veren Murad, BM’deki g\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ise \u00f6zellikle insan ticareti ma\u011fduru m\u00fclteci kad\u0131n ve gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar konusunda fark\u0131ndal\u0131k olu\u015fturmaya y\u00f6nelik faaliyetlerde bulunuyor.<\/p>\n
Bu y\u0131l \u00f6d\u00fcl i\u00e7in 216\u2019s\u0131 ki\u015fi, 115\u2019i kurum olmak \u00fczere toplam 331 aday bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n
Komite ge\u00e7en y\u0131l, Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fcn n\u00fckleer silah kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na dikkati \u00e7ekti\u011fi ve bu silahlar\u0131n anla\u015fma temelinde yasaklanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an \u00e7abalar nedeniyle N\u00fckleer Silahlar\u0131n \u0130mha Edilmesi Kampanyas\u0131’na (ICAN) verildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
1901’den bu yana 99 kez Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc verildi. Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc, tarihinde sadece iki kez 3 ki\u015fiye verildi: 1994’te Yaser Arafat, \u015eimon Perez ve Yitzak Rabin, 2014’de ise Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee ve Tevekk\u00fcl Karman Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fcn sahibi oldu. <\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7 Komitesi 1917, 1944 ve 1963’te 3 kez, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler M\u00fclteciler Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi de 1954 ve 1981’de 2 kez Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’ne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. <\/p>\n
Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc kazanan 100 ki\u015fiden 16’s\u0131 kad\u0131nd\u0131: Bertha von Suttner (1905), Jane Addams (1931), Emily Greene Balch (1946), Betty Williams ve Mairead Corrigan (1976), Rahibe Teresa (1979), Alva Myrdal (1982), Aung San Suu \u00c7ii (1991), Rigoberta Menchu Tum (1992), Jody Williams (1997), \u015eirin Ebadi (2003), Wangari Maathai (2004), Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee ve Tevekk\u00fcl Karman (2014) ve Malala Yusufzay (2014). <\/p>\n
Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fcn en gen\u00e7 sahibi, 2014’te 17 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc alan Malala Yusufzay oldu. 1995’te Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’ne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen 87 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Joseph Rotblat ise Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc alan en ya\u015fl\u0131 ki\u015fi olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Henry Kissinger ile 1973’te Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’ne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen Vietnaml\u0131 siyaset\u00e7i Le Duc Tho, \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc reddetti. Vietnam Sava\u015f\u0131’na son veren bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6d\u00fcle lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen Le Duc Tho, \u00fclkesindeki durumunu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc almayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. <\/p>\n
Alman gazeteci Carl von Ossietzky, Myanmarl\u0131 muhalif lider Aung San Suu \u00c7ii ve \u00c7inli insan haklar\u0131 savunucusu Liu Xiaobo ise g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda ya da hapiste olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6d\u00fcl t\u00f6renine kat\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc kazananlara \u00f6d\u00fcllerinin takdim edildi\u011fi t\u00f6rende \u0130sve\u00e7li sanat\u00e7\u0131 Gustav Vigeland taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanan madalya veriliyor. Madalyan\u0131n bir taraf\u0131na Alfred Nobel, di\u011fer taraf\u0131na ise karde\u015flik ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden \u00fc\u00e7 erkek fig\u00fcr\u00fc nak\u015fedilmi\u015f. Madalyada ayn\u0131 zamanda “Pro pace et fraternitate gentium” ifadesi yer al\u0131yor. Latince ifade, “\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve karde\u015fli\u011fi i\u00e7in” anlam\u0131na geliyor. <\/p>\n
\u0130sve\u00e7li kimya m\u00fchendisi Alfred Nobel, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 27 Kas\u0131m 1895’te \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son vasiyetini imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra her y\u0131l fizik, kimya, t\u0131p, edebiyat ve bar\u0131\u015f alanlar\u0131nda insanl\u0131\u011fa b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131da bulunan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara verilecek bir \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen Nobel, bunun i\u00e7in kendi ke\u015ffi olan dinamit ve di\u011fer patlay\u0131c\u0131 maddelerden elde etti\u011fi 33,2 milyon \u0130sve\u00e7 kronu (yakla\u015f\u0131k 19 milyon lira) tutar\u0131ndaki servetinin y\u00fczde 94’\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1867’de ke\u015ffetti\u011fi dinamit ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde kurdu\u011fu \u00e7ok say\u0131da patlay\u0131c\u0131 fabrikas\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir servet elde eden Nobel’in servetini insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bilim adamlar\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama fikrinin, bir Frans\u0131z gazetesinde yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla verilen \u00f6l\u00fcm ilan\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u0130talya’ya balistit barutu satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in 1891’de Fransa taraf\u0131ndan “hain” ilan edilen Alfred Nobel’in a\u011fabeyi ve i\u015f orta\u011f\u0131 Ludvig, 1888’de Cannes’da ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015fti. \u00d6lenin Ludvig de\u011fil, Alfred Nobel oldu\u011funa dair yanl\u0131\u015f istihbarat alan bir Frans\u0131z gazetesi, “\u00d6l\u00fcm t\u00fcccar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fc” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ilan yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130landa “Daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde ve daha fazla say\u0131da insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flayacak y\u00f6ntemler bularak zengin olan Dr. Alfred Nobel, d\u00fcn \u00f6ld\u00fc.” ifadeleri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6lenin Alfred de\u011fil, karde\u015fi Ludvig Nobel oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine gazete, bir d\u00fczeltme yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hayat\u0131 boyuncu evlenmeyen ve \u00e7ocu\u011fu olmayan Alfred Nobel’in, ilan\u0131 okuyunca \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve gelecek nesillerin kendisini nas\u0131l hat\u0131rlayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda endi\u015feye kap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Nobel’in atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist, bilim adam\u0131n\u0131n servetiyle ilgilenmek ve \u00f6d\u00fclleri da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in 1900’da Nobel Vakf\u0131n\u0131 kurdu. Nobel Vakf\u0131, \u00f6d\u00fcl verileceklerin se\u00e7iminde herhangi bir rol oynam\u0131yor. Daha \u00e7ok bir yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015firketi gibi faaliyette bulunan Vak\u0131f, \u00f6d\u00fcller i\u00e7in finansal temel olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere Nobel’in servetiyle yat\u0131r\u0131mda bulunuyor. Vak\u0131f, \u0130sve\u00e7’te t\u00fcm vergilerden, ABD’de de yat\u0131r\u0131m vergilerinden muaf tutuluyor. Vakf\u0131n, be\u015f ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan y\u00f6netim kurulunun ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131 \u0130sve\u00e7 Kral\u0131 at\u0131yor. <\/p>\n
Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en prestijli \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc i\u00e7in adaylar, \u0130sve\u00e7 Kraliyet Bilim Akademisi Nobel Komitesi ve Norve\u00e7 Nobel Komitesinin her bir alan i\u00e7in se\u00e7ilen \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan belirleniyor. Akademi \u00fcyelerinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 oylamada oylar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu alan aday \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn sahibi oluyor. <\/p>\n
\u0130lk Nobel \u00f6d\u00fclleri, be\u015f alanda 1901’de da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Nobel’in ilk sahipleri X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffeden Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen, kimyasal termodinamiklerin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan Jacobus van’t Hoff, Frans\u0131z \u015fair Sully Prudhomme ve difteri tedavisinde kullan\u0131lan bir antidoksin geli\u015ftiren Alman mikrobiyolog Emil von Behring olmu\u015ftu. K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7 Hareketini kuran \u0130svi\u00e7reli Henri Dunant ile Bar\u0131\u015f Ligini kuran Frans\u0131z Frederic Passy, Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fcn ilk sahipleri olarak tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. <\/p>\n
\u0130sve\u00e7 Merkez Bankas\u0131 da 1968’de Nobel’in an\u0131s\u0131na Ekonomik Bilimler \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kurmu\u015f, b\u00f6ylece her y\u0131l 6 farkl\u0131 alanda Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc verilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’ne, cinsel \u015fiddeti sona erdirme \u00e7abalar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Denis Mukwege ve Nadia Murad lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. \/ Son Dakika… Norve\u00e7 Nobel Komitesi, Nobel Bar\u0131\u015f \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fcn cinsel \u015fiddeti sona erdirme \u00e7abalar\u0131 nedeniyle Doktor Denis Mukwege ve Ezidi aktivist Nadia Murad’a verildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Mukwege ve Murad’\u0131n, “Sava\u015f ve silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda cinsel \u015fiddetin bir ara\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bitirilmesi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":250574,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6155,763,349],"tags":[10,218783,5604,5605],"class_list":["post-269983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem","category-gunun-olayi","category-son-dakika","tag-italya","tag-nadia-murad","tag-nobel","tag-nobel-baris-odulu"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269983","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=269983"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/269983\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/250574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=269983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=269983"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=269983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}