{"id":279438,"date":"2019-06-18T18:20:24","date_gmt":"2019-06-18T15:20:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/?p=279438"},"modified":"2019-06-18T18:20:24","modified_gmt":"2019-06-18T15:20:24","slug":"2000-yilindan-beri-100-milyon-hektar-orman-yok-oldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/2000-yilindan-beri-100-milyon-hektar-orman-yok-oldu\/","title":{"rendered":"2000 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri 100 milyon hektar orman yok oldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki orman b\u00f6lgeleri, 2000 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki 4,1 milyar hektar seviyesinden 4 milyar hektar seviyesine geriledi. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcyle kapl\u0131 kara y\u00fczeyinin 5’te 1’i verimlilikte azalma e\u011filimi g\u00f6sterdi.<\/h2>\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in (BM) 15. S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Hedefi, “Karasal ekosistemin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, ormanlar\u0131n \u00e7evreci idaresinin, \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fme ile m\u00fccadelenin, arazi ve biyo \u00e7e\u015fitlilik kayb\u0131n\u0131n tersine d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin te\u015fvik edilmesini” kaps\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ormanlar ve a\u011fa\u00e7 n\u00fcfusu, ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek, temiz su ve hava sa\u011flamak, biyo \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi korumak ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine cevap verebilmek gibi hem insana hem de tabiata hayati katk\u0131larda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

BM\u2019nin G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn (FAO) “Ormanlar\u0131n Durumu 2018” raporunda payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 1990-2010-2015 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n grafiklerine g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnya ormanlar\u0131 bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda k\u00fcresel arazilerin y\u00fczde 31,6’s\u0131ndan y\u00fczde 30,6’ya geriledi.<\/p>\n

Raporda, karasal ekosistemin ve ormanlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 y\u00fckseli\u015fte oldu\u011fu ve orman kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n yava\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Orta ve G\u00fcney Asya\u2019da orman seviyeleri y\u00fckseldi<\/h3>\n

Rapor, yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki orman b\u00f6lgelerinin 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda 4,1 milyar hektar seviyesinden, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda 4 milyar hektar seviyesine geriledi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. Bununla birlikte h\u0131zl\u0131 gerilemenin kaydedildi\u011fi 2000-2005 d\u00f6neminden bug\u00fcne orman kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 25 oran\u0131nda azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve son d\u00f6nemde kay\u0131plarda bir yava\u015flama oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Avustralya ve Yeni Zelanda\u2019da bu oran y\u00fczde 17,4\u2019ten 17\u2019ye gerilerken, Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika\u2019da 40,3\u2019ten 41\u2019e y\u00fckseldi.<\/p>\n

Bu oran, Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da y\u00fczde 28,5\u2019ten 29,6\u2019ya y\u00fckselirken, Sahraalt\u0131 Afrika\u2019da y\u00fczde 30,6\u2019dan 27,1\u2019e d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Latin Amerika ve Karayipler\u2019de y\u00fczde 51,3\u2019ten 46,4\u2019e gerileyen s\u00f6z konusu oran\u0131n, Orta ve G\u00fcney Asya\u2019da y\u00fczde 9,5\u2019ten 10\u2019a y\u00fckseldi\u011fi g\u00f6zlendi.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcstahsil verim<\/h3>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcyle kapl\u0131 kara y\u00fczeyinin 5\u2019te 1\u2019i, 1999\u2019tan 2013\u2019e kadar m\u00fcstahsil verimlili\u011finde azalma e\u011filimi g\u00f6sterdi. Bu e\u011filim 1 milyardan fazla insan\u0131n ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit ediyor.<\/p>\n

Tarlalar\u0131n y\u00fczde 19\u2019u, orman b\u00f6lgelerinin y\u00fczde 16\u2019s\u0131, \u00e7ay\u0131rlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 19\u2019u ve meralar\u0131n y\u00fczde 28\u2019i olmak \u00fczere yakla\u015f\u0131k 24 milyon kilometrekare arazi bundan etkilendi.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 Do\u011fay\u0131 Koruma Birli\u011fi\u2019nin (IUCN) K\u00fcresel K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Liste Endeksi\u2019ne g\u00f6re (RLI) 1993\u2019ten beri tehdit alt\u0131ndaki t\u00fcrlerin 0,82\u2019den 0,74 oran\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ve memeli, ku\u015f, y\u00fczergezer n\u00fcfusunun alarm trendine girdi\u011fi belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n

Bu trendin ana sebepleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez tar\u0131m ve hasat ticareti, ormanlar\u0131n yok edilmesi, yabanc\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin istilas\u0131.<\/p>\n

120 \u00fclkede yakla\u015f\u0131k 7 bin t\u00fcr hayvan ve bitkinin yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 avlanarak vah\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n karaborsac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda istismar edilmesi de koruma \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 da tehdit ediyor.<\/p>\n

Raporda, biyo \u00e7e\u015fitlilik destekli kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 resmi kalk\u0131nma yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n 2016\u2019da 7 milyar dolar\u0131 buldu\u011fu, bu rakam\u0131n 2015 reel verilerine k\u0131yasla y\u00fczde 21 azalma g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi belirtildi.<\/p>\n

N\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 71’i g\u00fcvenli i\u00e7me suyuna eri\u015febiliyor<\/h3>\n

D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn (DS\u00d6) 2017\u2019deki “\u0130\u00e7me suyu, H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha ve Hijyen” raporuna g\u00f6re ise d\u00fcnyada 159 milyon insan i\u00e7me suyunu hijyen a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeydeki “yer \u00fcst\u00fc” sular\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Raporda, hijyen a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan i\u00e7me sular\u0131 en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckten en y\u00fckse\u011fe do\u011fru “yer \u00fcst\u00fc”, “i\u015flenmemi\u015f”, “k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131”, “temel” ve “g\u00fcvenli i\u015flenmi\u015f” olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Buna g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 71’ine denk d\u00fc\u015fen 5,2 milyar insan, “g\u00fcvenli i\u015flenmi\u015f” i\u00e7me suyu hizmetine eri\u015febiliyor. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 844 milyon ki\u015fi sadece “temel” i\u00e7me suyuna ula\u015fabilirken, 159 milyon ki\u015fi ise i\u00e7me suyunu “yer \u00fcst\u00fc” sular\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki orman b\u00f6lgeleri, 2000 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki 4,1 milyar hektar seviyesinden 4 milyar hektar seviyesine geriledi. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcyle kapl\u0131 kara y\u00fczeyinin 5’te 1’i verimlilikte azalma e\u011filimi g\u00f6sterdi. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in (BM) 15. S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Hedefi, “Karasal ekosistemin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, ormanlar\u0131n \u00e7evreci idaresinin, \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fme ile m\u00fccadelenin, arazi ve biyo \u00e7e\u015fitlilik kayb\u0131n\u0131n tersine d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin te\u015fvik edilmesini” kaps\u0131yor. Ormanlar ve …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":279439,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6665,6155,6662],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-279438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya","category-gundem","category-yasam"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279438","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=279438"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279438\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/279439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=279438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=279438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=279438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}