Milli M\u00fccadele’nin zaferle sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, yeni T\u00fcrk devletinin y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fma ve demokrasiye \u00e7evirdi.<\/p>\n
Ankara’n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye devletinin h\u00fck\u00fcmet merkezi olmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan mevcut rejimin isminin de b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla konulmas\u0131, yeni devletin ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n da se\u00e7ilmesi gerekiyordu. O g\u00fcne kadar devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revi, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi (TBMM) Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak Atat\u00fcrk taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkeler de Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n onay\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye’deki yeni devlet rejiminin daha a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde belirlenmesini istiyorlard\u0131. Bu s\u0131ralarda \u0130cra Vekilleri Heyeti’nin istifas\u0131 ve Meclisin g\u00fcvenini kazanacak bir kabine listesinin olu\u015fturulamamas\u0131 da bu soruna acil \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm gerektirdi.<\/p>\n
25 Ekim 1923’te ise h\u00fck\u00fcmetin istifas\u0131yla bir bunal\u0131m ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu olay Atat\u00fcrk’e, cumhuriyeti ilan etmek i\u00e7in bekledi\u011fi f\u0131rsat\u0131 verdi. 28 Ekim 1923 ak\u015fam\u0131na kadar h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kurulamamas\u0131 \u00fczerine Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, \u00c7ankaya K\u00f6\u015fk\u00fc’nde arkada\u015flar\u0131na “Yar\u0131n cumhuriyeti ilan edece\u011fiz.” diyerek fikrini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. <\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk o gece, \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ile 1921 Anayasas\u0131’n\u0131n baz\u0131 maddelerini de\u011fi\u015ftiren kanun tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n
29 Ekim 1923’te parti grubunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe sunulan tasar\u0131da yer alan baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u015funlard\u0131:<\/p>\n
– “T\u00fcrkiye Devleti’nin h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u015fekli cumhuriyettir.”<\/p>\n
– “T\u00fcrkiye Devleti, y\u00f6netim birimlerini Bakanlar Kurulu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00f6netir.”<\/p>\n
– “Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi taraf\u0131ndan kendi \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131ndan bir se\u00e7im d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7in se\u00e7ilir.”<\/p>\n
– “Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, devletin ba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r. Bu s\u0131fatla gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e Meclis ve Bakanlar Kuruluna ba\u015fkanl\u0131k eder.”<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn Mecliste g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen tasar\u0131, yap\u0131lan konu\u015fmalardan sonra saat 20.30’da oturuma kat\u0131lan 158 \u00fcyenin tamam\u0131n\u0131n oyuyla kabul edildi. Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131 “Ya\u015fas\u0131n cumhuriyet” sesleri ve alk\u0131\u015flarla kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. <\/p>\n
Bundan sonra cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imine ge\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131lan gizli oylamada 158 milletvekilinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n oyunu alan Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, TBMM taraf\u0131ndan yeni T\u00fcrk devletinin ilk cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi. Bunun \u00fczerine k\u00fcrs\u00fcye gelen Mustafa Kemal, konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 “T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti mesut, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve muzaffer olacakt\u0131r.” s\u00f6z\u00fcyle tamamlad\u0131.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylece devletin ad\u0131 ve rejimiyle ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmalara son verildi ve devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015ftu. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin kurulma \u015fekli yeniden d\u00fczenlendi.<\/p>\n
Buna g\u00f6re; Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ba\u015fbakan\u0131 atayacak, ba\u015fbakan da bakanlar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ip cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n onay\u0131na sunacakt\u0131. Bu uygulamayla, Meclis H\u00fck\u00fcmeti Sistemi yerine parlamenter rejime ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurmakla \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc g\u00f6revlendirilirken, Fethi Okyar da TBMM Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk halk\u0131, 29 Ekim gecesi ve 30 Ekim g\u00fcn\u00fc cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131n\u0131 kutlad\u0131. 26 Ekim 1924’te yay\u0131mlanan kararname ile cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131n\u0131n 101 pare top at\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve d\u00fczenlenecek etkinliklerle kutlanmas\u0131na karar verildi. Karar do\u011frultusunda 29 Ekim 1924’teki etkinlikler, kutlamalar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n
Hariciye Vekaleti, 2 \u015eubat 1925’te bir kanun teklifiyle 29 Ekim’in bayram olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerdi. Teklif, Meclis Anayasa Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan incelendi ve 18 Nisan’da karara ba\u011fland\u0131. TBMM’de teklifin 19 Nisan’da kabul edilmesiyle 29 Ekim, 1925 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana ”Milli Bayram” olarak kutlanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye’de “Egemenlik kay\u0131ts\u0131z, \u015farts\u0131z milletindir.” kural\u0131n\u0131 devlet y\u00f6netimine yerle\u015ftiren, demokrasiyi ta\u00e7land\u0131ran cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden 96 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. Milli M\u00fccadele’nin zaferle sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, yeni T\u00fcrk devletinin y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fma ve demokrasiye \u00e7evirdi. Ankara’n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye devletinin h\u00fck\u00fcmet merkezi olmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan mevcut rejimin isminin de b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla konulmas\u0131, yeni devletin ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n da se\u00e7ilmesi gerekiyordu. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":283030,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6155,763,5005,349,6805],"tags":[7580,7358,8620],"class_list":["post-283029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem","category-gunun-olayi","category-manset","category-son-dakika","category-turkiye","tag-29-ekim","tag-cumhuriyet-bayrami","tag-mustafa-kemal-ataturk"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/283029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=283029"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/283029\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/283030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=283029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=283029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=283029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}