K\u0131rg\u0131zistan<\/a>‘\u0131n tarihi, \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri ve imparatorluklar\u0131 kapsar. K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, olduk\u00e7a da\u011fl\u0131k arazisiyle co\u011frafi olarak izole olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, di\u011fer ticari yollar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u0130pek Yolu’nun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak bir\u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck medeniyetin kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir dizi kabile ve klan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, periyodik olarak daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hakimiyet alt\u0131na girdi. Atalar\u0131n\u0131n izini s\u00fcren g\u00f6\u00e7ebe T\u00fcrkler ilk olarak K\u0131rg\u0131z Ka\u011fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131 13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kurulmu\u015f daha sonra K\u0131rg\u0131zistan Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan fethedilmi\u015ftir. Mo\u011follardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yeniden kazand\u0131ktan sonra \u00c7ungar Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ungarlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra K\u0131rg\u0131zlar ve K\u0131p\u00e7aklar Hokand Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 1876’da K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, Rusya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu ve 1936’da Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin kurucu cumhuriyeti olmak i\u00e7in K\u0131rg\u0131z Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti kuruldu. Mihail Gorba\u00e7ov’un SSCB’deki demokratik reformlar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k yanl\u0131s\u0131 aday Askar Akayev cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi. 31 A\u011fustos 1991’de K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, Moskova’dan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti ve demokratik bir h\u00fck\u00fbmet kuruldu. K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, 1991’de Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra bir ulus devlet olarak egemenli\u011fine kavu\u015ftu.<\/p>\nBa\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan K\u0131rg\u0131zistan resmi olarak \u00fcniter bir ba\u015fkanl\u0131k cumhuriyetiydi. Lale Devrimi’nden sonra \u00fcniter bir parlamenter cumhuriyet haline geldi, ancak kademeli olarak 2021’de ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemine d\u00f6nmeden \u00f6nce yar\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k cumhuriyeti olarak y\u00f6netildi. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan ettikten sonra \u00fclkede etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar isyanlar, ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar, ge\u00e7i\u015f h\u00fck\u00fbmetleri ve siyasi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar devam etti.<\/p>\n
K\u0131rg\u0131zistan; Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Devletler Toplulu\u011fu, Avrasya Ekonomik Birli\u011fi, Kolektif G\u00fcvenlik Antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, \u015eanghay \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, \u0130slam \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131, Avrupa G\u00fcvenlik ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131, T\u00fcrk Devletleri Te\u015fkilat\u0131, T\u00dcRKSOY \u00fcyesidir. \u0130nsani Geli\u015fmi\u015flik Endeksi’nde 118. s\u0131rada yer alan geli\u015fmekte olan bir \u00fclkedir ve Orta Asya’n\u0131n en fakir ikinci \u00fclkesidir. \u00dclkenin ge\u00e7i\u015f ekonomisi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde alt\u0131n, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve uranyum yataklar\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n