{"id":48138,"date":"2010-11-21T15:32:32","date_gmt":"2010-11-21T13:32:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/?p=48138"},"modified":"2010-11-21T15:32:32","modified_gmt":"2010-11-21T13:32:32","slug":"rus-yazar-lev-tolstoy-21102010","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/rus-yazar-lev-tolstoy-21102010\/","title":{"rendered":"Rus yazar Tolstoy, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 100. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde an\u0131l\u0131yor!.."},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>“Sava\u015f ve Bar\u0131\u015f”, “Anna Karenina”, “Hac\u0131 Murat” ve ba\u015fka \u00fcnl\u00fc eserleri kaleme alarak d\u00fcnya edebiyat tarihinin \u00f6nemli yazarlar\u0131nda Lev Tolstoy, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 100’\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde an\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

“Tolstoy’suz y\u00fcz y\u0131l” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Rusya dahil d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde d\u00fczenlenen anma t\u00f6renlerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck yazar Tolstoy’un eserleri, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri ve felsefi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ele al\u0131n\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kendisiyle, yazarl\u0131k faaliyetiyle ilgili \u00e7e\u015fitli sergiler, konferanslar ve a\u00e7\u0131k oturumlar yap\u0131l\u0131rken, d\u00fcnya televizyon kanallar\u0131nda sunulan belgesel filmler de ilgiyle izleniyor.<\/p>\n

Soylu bir ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak 1828’te d\u00fcnyaya gelen Rus yazar, anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131 erken ya\u015flar\u0131nda kaybetti. Almanca ve Frans\u0131zca \u00f6\u011frendi. 1851’de Kafkaslarda askeri e\u011fitime ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

K\u0131r\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 “Sivastopol Hikayeleri” olarak kaleme ald\u0131. “\u00c7ocukluk”, “Kozaklar”, “Hac\u0131 Murat” ve ba\u015fka eserleri yazd\u0131. Daha sonra ba\u015fta Avrupa olmak \u00fczere yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 gezilerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Memleketine d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve do\u011fdu\u011fu Yasnaya Polyana’da k\u00f6y okulu a\u00e7arak kendini halk e\u011fitimine atad\u0131. Sofya ile evlenen Tolstoy’un on \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ocu\u011fu oldu. 1863 y\u0131l\u0131nda dev “Sava\u015f ve Bar\u0131\u015f” eserini yazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve alt\u0131 y\u0131lda tamamlad\u0131. 1873’te bir di\u011fer klasik eseri “Anna Karenina”y\u0131 kaleme almaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lda bitirebildi.<\/p>\n

\u0130SLAM\u0130YET’E B\u00dcY\u00dcK SAYGISI VARDI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rus Ortodoks Kilisesi de Tolstoy’un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yanl\u0131\u015f anlad\u0131. Asl\u0131nda Allah’a inanc\u0131 sonsuz idi. Kilisenin baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine kat\u0131lm\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130slam’a b\u00fcy\u00fck sayg\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tolstoy’un \u0130slam’la ilgili olumlu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri eski Sovyet rejiminde kamuoyundan saklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sovyetler’in \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda o “s\u0131r” ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: 1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u00c7ar ordusunda Azeri k\u00f6kenli General \u0130brahim A\u011fa Vekilov’un Rus e\u015fi, Tolstoy’a mektup yaz\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

General e\u015fi, mektubunda biri \u00fcniversitede, di\u011feri askeri okulda okuyan iki o\u011flunun babalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slam’a ilgi duydu\u011funu anlatt\u0131. Bu durumda Rus yazara Ortodoks olarak kendisinin ne yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi hususunda yard\u0131m istedi. Tolstoy Vekilova’ya \u015fu cevab\u0131 verir:<\/p>\n

“Muhammedili\u011fe (\u0130slamiyet), Hristiyan dininden daha fazla \u00f6nem vermelerine gelince, ben t\u00fcm kalbimle buna kat\u0131l\u0131yorum. Bunu s\u00f6ylemek ne kadar tuhaf. Ama benim i\u00e7in Muhammedilik, Ha\u00e7a tapmakla mukayese edilmeyecek kadar \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr…<\/p>\n

E\u011fer insan se\u00e7me hakk\u0131na sahip olsayd\u0131, akl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda olan her Hristiyan ve her bir insan .. teredd\u00fct etmeden Muhammedili\u011fi, tek Allah’\u0131 ve O’nun peygamberini kabul ederdi.”<\/p>\n

HERKESTEN K\u00dcSEREK KA\u00c7MAYA \u00c7ALI\u015eTI; AMA…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tolstoy, e\u015fiyle son y\u0131llar\u0131nda ge\u00e7inemiyordu ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7imsizli\u011fe restini \u00e7ekti: Herkesten k\u00fcserek do\u011fma b\u00fcy\u00fcme yeri Yasnaya Polyana’daki evini terk etti. 20 Kas\u0131m 1910’da Bulgaristan’a gitmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken zat\u00fcrreye yakaland\u0131 ve Lipetsk b\u00f6lgesinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir tren gar\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Vasiyeti \u00fczerine Yasnaya Polyana’daki \u00e7iftli\u011finde topra\u011fa verildi.<\/p>\n

Sovyet rejimi de Tolstoy’u “ressam” gibi tan\u0131tarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etmedi. ABD ve \u0130talya 1956 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tolstoy’un eseri \u00fczerine “Sava\u015f ve Bar\u0131\u015f” filmini \u00e7evirince Sovyet y\u00f6netiminin “akl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na geldi”.<\/p>\n

Kremlin, Moskova’da Tolstoy an\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark etti. Ayr\u0131ca 29 milyon dolar harcayarak 1965’te kendisi de “Sava\u015f ve Bar\u0131\u015f” filmini \u00e7evirdi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de Rus Ortodoks Kilisesi ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 tekrar tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

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