{"id":76487,"date":"2011-07-21T09:06:17","date_gmt":"2011-07-21T06:06:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/?p=76487"},"modified":"2019-03-28T10:13:17","modified_gmt":"2019-03-28T07:13:17","slug":"leonardo-roma-gunleri-1583","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/leonardo-roma-gunleri-1583\/","title":{"rendered":"Leonardo\u2019nun Roma G\u00fcnleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Sevgi G\u00fcrtuna bu haftaki “Leonardo\u2019nun Roma G\u00fcnleri” adl\u0131 makalesinde Leonardo\u2019nun 60 ‘l\u0131 ya\u015flar\u0131nda Roma ‘da ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi zamanlar ile ilgili \u00f6nemli ayr\u0131nt\u0131lara yer veriyor.<\/h2>\n

Sevgi G\u00fcrtuna ‘n\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sizlerle payla\u015f\u0131yoruz;<\/h3>\n

Leonardo\u2019nun Roma G\u00fcnleri<\/h4>\n

Leonardo 1513 sonbahar\u0131nda, daha \u00f6nce bir\u00e7ok kez gitti\u011fi ama her defas\u0131nda birka\u00e7 haftadan fazla kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Roma\u2019ya, Lorenzo de\u2019 Medici\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu Giuliano taraf\u0131ndan davet edildi. Deha 61 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve eskisi kadar g\u00f6zde de\u011fildi art\u0131k; \u00fcstelik i\u015fler konusundaki yava\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvenilmezlik olarak alg\u0131lan\u0131yor ve aleyhine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Yine de sanat d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n sayg\u0131de\u011fer, emektar \u00fcyesine yara\u015f\u0131r bir hayranl\u0131kla Roma\u2019da kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Giuliano, ona Vatikan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, Belvedere Galerisi\u2019nde enfes odalardan olu\u015fan bir daire ve at\u00f6lye haz\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu odalar \u00e7ok para harcanarak d\u00f6nemin en \u00fcnl\u00fc mimarlar\u0131ndan Bramante\u2019nin \u00f6\u011frencilerine s\u00fcslettirilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Yine de biraz k\u00fcsk\u00fcnd\u00fc \u00fcstat (Vatikan\u2019da, Michelangelo\u2019nun Sistina \u015eapeli freskleri, Raffaello\u2019nun Stanze (geni\u015f oda) bezemeleri i\u00e7in paraya bo\u011fuldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemdi bu y\u0131llar), s\u0131k s\u0131k Vatikan\u2019dan uzakla\u015fma ihtiyac\u0131 hissediyordu: 25 eyl\u00fcl 1514\u2019te Parma\u2019da, 27 eyl\u00fclde Po k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndad\u0131r, 14 Aral\u0131k 1514\u2019te Civitavecchia liman\u0131 ve Pontina batakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kurutulmas\u0131 tasar\u0131lar\u0131na giri\u015fir. Tekerlek g\u00fcc\u00fcyle hareket eden \u201cmekanik aslan\u201d\u0131n\u0131 icat eder. Fiesole\u2019deki topraklardan daha iyi \u015farap al\u0131nabilmesi konusunda ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapar.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Leonardo Da Vinci<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Leonardo\u2019 ya Roma ‘da yasak<\/h4>\n

Roma\u2019ya yerle\u015fti\u011finden beri, Giuliano de\u2019 Medici, \u00fcstada iki Alman yard\u0131mc\u0131 atam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; biri demirci ustas\u0131 di\u011feri ayna yap\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Ke\u015fiflerini, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini, kendi \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in \u00e7alacak casuslar olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 sevmez ve g\u00fcvenmez Leonardo. Aralar\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki zamanla \u00f6yle bozulur ki, bu Alman yard\u0131mc\u0131lar dehay\u0131 \u201c\u00f6l\u00fc falc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d yapmakla su\u00e7lay\u0131p Papa\u2019ya \u015fikayet ederler. Papa onlara inan\u0131r ve Leonardo, Santo Spirito Hastanesi\u2019nde y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anatomi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yapmaktan men edilir. (\u0130nsan kalbinin damarlar\u0131na ve kapaklar\u0131na varana kadar ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7izimleri ba\u015faran \u00fcstat, kas, kemik ve sinirler hakk\u0131nda edindi\u011fi bilgilerle daha da meraklanm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00fct\u00fcn tabular\u0131 y\u0131kmaya karar vermi\u015ftir. Karaci\u011fer, akci\u011fer, kalp, cinsel organlar\u0131n ve hatta beynin bile krokisini y\u00fczlerce kez \u00e7izmi\u015ftir; insan v\u00fccudunun anatomisinin atlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmaya kararl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsan anatomisi hakk\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli bilgileri kadavralar \u00fczerinde toplayan ilk bilim adam\u0131 \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Leonardo\u2019nun, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde modern t\u0131p taraf\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirilen \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bulu\u015flar\u0131 mevcuttur. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131llar sonra ya\u015fayacak bilim adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan dahi benimsenece\u011fini sanki o tarihlerde seziyordu Leonardo da Vinci.<\/p>\n

\u0130talyan mimar\u0131, m\u00fchendisi, mucidi, matematik\u00e7isi, anatomisti, m\u00fczisyeni, heykelt\u0131ra\u015f\u0131 ve ressam\u0131 Leonardo…<\/h4>\n

Anatomi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yasaklanan Leonardo, sanat ve bilim alan\u0131nda matematiksel deneylere , mimari kemerlere, \u00fc\u00e7genlere, \u00e7emberi d\u00f6rd\u00fclleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na verir kendini. Antik d\u00f6nemlere ve mitolojiye dalar. Hayranl\u0131k verici oldu\u011fu kadar g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 kost\u00fcmler, fantastik ayg\u0131tlar ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc oyunlar\u0131 \u00fcretir. Harikalar\u0131n ve \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131klar yaratman\u0131n \u015fiirselli\u011finden g\u00f6z yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131k oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiirselli\u011fine ge\u00e7er. Basit \u00e7ocuk oyunlar\u0131ndan \u015fans oyunlar\u0131na kadar, en s\u0131radan zaman ge\u00e7irme ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 deneylerinin temeline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sabun k\u00f6p\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yapmak i\u00e7in saman kullan\u0131r, su \u00fczerinde kayd\u0131r\u0131lan ya da su y\u00fczeyinde halkalar yaratan ta\u015f at\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Bilim, estetik ve mekanik alanlar\u0131ndaki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr, Monte Maria\u2019da bulunan fosil kabuklar\u0131n\u0131 inceler. \u00dc\u00e7 boyutlu teknolojik \u00e7izimlerinde (para basma makineleri, ta\u00e7 bi\u00e7iminde tekerlek, halat e\u011firme makinesi, maden i\u015fleme makinesi) oldu\u011fu kadar, geometrik bi\u00e7imlere ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda geli\u015fme kaydeder. Mart 1516\u2019da Roma\u2019da bir matematik problemini \u00e7\u00f6zmekle u\u011fra\u015fmakta, a\u011fustosta San Paolo Fuori le Mura Kilisesi\u2019nin boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 belirleme \u00e7abas\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Roma\u2019n\u0131n e\u015fi bulunmaz g\u00fczelliklerine ra\u011fmen, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kalan zafer \u00e7elenklerinin aras\u0131nda kendini yaln\u0131z ve bunalm\u0131\u015f hissetmektedir Leonardo. Ruhsal \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131nda, fiziksel rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar da kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Bir t\u00fcr fel\u00e7 ge\u00e7irir ve g\u00f6zleri iyi g\u00f6rm\u00fcyordur art\u0131k. Doktorlara hi\u00e7 g\u00fcvenmez; notlar\u0131nda \u201csa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 kalmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n, hekimlerden uzak durman\u0131z yarar\u0131n\u0131zad\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ila\u00e7lar\u0131 bir t\u00fcr simyad\u0131r\u201d yazar.<\/p>\n

Giuliano\u2019nun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra da, \u00fcstat hayat\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak i\u00e7in Alpler\u2019in \u00f6b\u00fcr yan\u0131na Fransa\u2019ya gitmeye haz\u0131rlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sevgi G\u00fcrtuna<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sevgi G\u00fcrtuna bu haftaki “Leonardo\u2019nun Roma G\u00fcnleri” adl\u0131 makalesinde Leonardo\u2019nun 60 ‘l\u0131 ya\u015flar\u0131ndaki Roma ‘da ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi zamanlar ile ilgili \u00f6nemli ayr\u0131nt\u0131lara yer veriyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9192216,"featured_media":188505,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6221,5005,6670],"tags":[75975,74098,61662,75965,75973,58797,13,4711],"class_list":["post-76487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur","category-manset","category-sanat","tag-civitavecchia-limani","tag-leonardo","tag-leonardo-da-vinci","tag-leonardo-roma","tag-michelangelo","tag-parma","tag-roma","tag-vatikan"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76487","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9192216"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76487"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76487\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/188505"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76487"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76487"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76487"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}