{"id":77418,"date":"2011-07-28T17:03:46","date_gmt":"2011-07-28T14:03:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/?p=77418"},"modified":"2024-09-23T18:43:42","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T15:43:42","slug":"istanbul-buyuk-deprem-riski-5293","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/istanbul-buyuk-deprem-riski-5293\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130stanbul b\u00fcy\u00fck deprem riski alt\u0131nda"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/h1>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerinden biri olan \u0130stanbul ‘u b\u00fcy\u00fck bir deprem bekliyor.<\/h1>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck 10 \u015fehrinden sekizi, fay hatlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kurulu ve her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn bu \u015fehirler daha da b\u00fcy\u00fcmekte. \u0130stanbul ‘da bu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerden bir tanesi…<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck bir deprem ya\u015fanma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan risk alt\u0131ndaki di\u011fer \u015fehirler ise \u015f\u00f6yle; Bogota, Kahire, Karakas, Dakka, \u0130slamabad,Cakarta, Kara\u00e7i, Katmandu, Lima, Yeni Delhi, Tahran, Tokyo ve Los Angeles bulunmakta…<\/p>\n

Claire Berlinski<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sismik riskin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu en b\u00fcy\u00fck kentsel politika sorunudur. Bunun \u00e7ok iddial\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsan\u0131z, 30 saniyede bir milyon insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcren ba\u015fka bir k\u00f6t\u00fc bir kentsel politikay\u0131 zihninizde canland\u0131r\u0131n. Deprem politikas\u0131 neredeyse hi\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmemekte veya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Risk Alt\u0131ndaki \u015eehirler<\/h2>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerinden pek \u00e7o\u011fu sismik risk alt\u0131nda. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck 10 \u015fehrinden sekizi, fay hatlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kurulu ve her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn bu \u015fehirler daha da b\u00fcy\u00fcmektedir. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir deprem ya\u015fanma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan risk alt\u0131ndaki \u015fehirler aras\u0131nda Bogota, Kahire, Karakas, Dakka, \u0130slamabad, \u0130stanbul, Cakarta, Kara\u00e7i, Katmandu, Lima, Yeni Delhi, Tahran, Tokyo ve Los Angeles bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcvenli evlerin yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, di\u011ferlerinden daha pahal\u0131 oldu\u011fu yoksul \u00fclkelerdeki insanlar\u0131n, deprem konusunda \u015f\u00f6valye ruhlu olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Yoksul \u015fehirlerdeki insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli evler in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in paralar\u0131 yok veya paralar\u0131 varsa da bunu, a\u00e7l\u0131k gibi daha acil riskleri azaltmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 teoriler, depreme kar\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in ekonomik kalk\u0131nman\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor. Bir \u00fclke zenginle\u015fti\u011finde, sorun kendili\u011finden \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclecek.<\/p>\n

Buna benzer bir teori, \u0130stanbul\u2019da dile getirildi. Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi Deprem M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa Erdik, h\u0131zl\u0131 ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin tek umudu oldu\u011funu savunuyor. B\u00fcy\u00fcme yeterince h\u0131zl\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015firse emlak sahiplerinin, sars\u0131lmalar ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce k\u00f6t\u00fc konutlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebileceklerini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Olaya bu \u015fekilde bakarsak sismik riskin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, bir \u00e7eli\u015fki olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz: Riski azaltman\u0131n en iyi y\u00f6ntemi onu g\u00f6rmezden gelmek. Fikir, cezbedici ve ho\u015f ancak yanl\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Para Her \u015eey De\u011fildi<\/h4>\n

Zengin olmak veya zenginli\u011fin kendisi, insanlar\u0131n depremleri ciddiye almas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildir. Bunun kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 burada bulabiliriz. \u015eili\u2019de 27 \u015eubat 2010 tarihinde 8.8 \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde bir deprem ya\u015fand\u0131. Bu deprem, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n eksenini 8 cm kayd\u0131rd\u0131. Bu felakette 521 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u015eili gibi depremlere hi\u00e7 de yabanc\u0131 olmayan bir di\u011fer \u00fclke de T\u00fcrkiye. 1509 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 5 ila 10\u2019unun \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc depremi Osmanl\u0131lar, “K\u0131yamet-i Su\u011fra” yani K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck K\u0131yamet G\u00fcn\u00fc olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tarihten bu yana \u015fehir, 11 defa depremlerden ciddi olarak hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve b\u00f6yle bir depremin sonuncusu 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir depremin \u00e7ok yak\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019u vuraca\u011f\u0131ndan \u015f\u00fcphe duyan tek bir yerbilimci yok. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD\u2019de yap\u0131lan bir jeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rma, \u0130stanbul\u2019da 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde deprem olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 62 oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu. Erdik, bu depremde 200 bin ila 300 bin ki\u015finin \u00f6lece\u011fini tahmin ediyor. Deprem kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n temizlenmesinin maliyeti, en iyimser ihtimalle 50 milyar dolar olacak ve bunun T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ekonomisini onlarca y\u0131l geriye g\u00f6t\u00fcrece\u011finden hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe yok. B\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgeyi etkileyecek olas\u0131 deprem sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla birlikte siyasi bir felaket olacakt\u0131r.
\n\u0130stanbul\u2019da her g\u00fcn sa\u011flam olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclen binalar\u0131n yan\u0131ndan ge\u00e7iyorum. Zemin katlar\u0131nda, depreme kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli gerekliliklerinden birisi olan duvarlar\u0131n veya s\u00fctunlar\u0131n, ma\u011fazalar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. \u00c7evrede gecekondu ad\u0131 verilen illegal, dayan\u0131ks\u0131z yap\u0131lar mevcut. Gecekondular\u0131 m\u00fchendisler in\u015fa etmiyor ve k\u00f6t\u00fc zemine yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ancak T\u00fcrkiye \u0130n\u015faat M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, m\u00fchendislerin onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131 binalar\u0131n bile b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde standartlara uygun in\u015fa edilmedi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Oda, \u015fehirdeki hastanelerin y\u00fczde 86\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n, y\u0131k\u0131lma riskinin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu konusunda uyar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bunun nedeni, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yoksul bir \u00fclke olmas\u0131 m\u0131? \u015eili\u2019de ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen yurt i\u00e7i h\u00e2s\u0131la 15,867 dolar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise bu rakam 14,077. Aralar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir fark yok.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de insanlara deprem s\u0131ras\u0131nda ne yapmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini hat\u0131rlatan elle tutulur reklamlar\u0131n veya kamu hizmeti duyurular\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmedim. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l Palo Alto\u2019da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir otelde ilk fark etti\u011fim, masan\u0131n \u00fczerinde buldu\u011fum deprem s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenlerin \u0130ngilizce ve \u0130spanyolca yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u015femalar\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kartt\u0131. B\u00f6yle bir \u015feyi, hi\u00e7bir T\u00fcrk otelinde g\u00f6rmedim.<\/p>\n

Depreme dayan\u0131ks\u0131z konutlar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131p yenisini yapmak veya sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak pahal\u0131 olabilir ancak a\u011f\u0131r e\u015fyalar\u0131, duvara c\u0131vatalamak veya yataktan uzak bir yerlere koymak \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 de\u011fil. Bu, \u0130stanbul\u2019da nadiren al\u0131nan bir \u00f6nlem. Buna ra\u011fmen garip olan\u0131ysa, herkesin gelecek depremden korkmas\u0131. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir art\u00e7\u0131 sars\u0131nt\u0131 bile \u015fehirde panik ya\u015fanmas\u0131na yetti ve \u201cdeprem\u201d kelimesi Twitter\u2019da en \u00e7ok bahsedilen konu oldu. Ancak neredeyse hi\u00e7 kimse depremde ne yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini bilmiyor veya bilmeye zahmet etmiyor. \u0130stanbul\u2019da g\u00fcvenli konutlarda ya\u015fayabilecek kadar zengin olan ancak ya\u015famayan bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi tan\u0131yorum. Tehlikenin tamamen fark\u0131ndalar ancak kaderciler.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi Japonya ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ral\u0131m. Japonya\u2019da insanlar g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bardaklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesini engellemek i\u00e7in raflar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlerine kau\u00e7uk \u015feritler yap\u0131yor.
\nS\u0131radan, orta s\u0131n\u0131f Japonlar sadece bardaklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in bile bu \u00f6nlemleri al\u0131rken \u0130stanbul\u2019da pek \u00e7ok m\u00fcze, paha bi\u00e7ilmez heykelleri, \u00e7inileri ve tabletleri korumak i\u00e7in benzer \u00f6nlemleri alm\u0131yor. Bu zenginlik meselesi de\u011fil, bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr meselesi.
\nBenzer yetersizlikleri, y\u00f6netim d\u00fczeyinde de g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin Be\u015fikta\u015f Belediyesi yetkilileri, detayl\u0131 deprem planlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131 ancak bu planlar, 2008 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana PowerPoint sunumundan \u00f6teye ge\u00e7medi.<\/p>\n

Kadercilik \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr. K\u0131sa vadeli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr. Hepsinden \u00f6nemlisi yolsuzluk \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr. Haiti depreminin y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde Nature dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma, son 30 y\u0131lda meydana gelen depremlerde binalar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla \u00f6lenlerin y\u00fczde 83\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn, yolsuzlu\u011fun y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ark\u0131 \u00e7evirin: Bogota, Kahire, Karakas, Dakka, \u0130slamabad, \u0130stanbul, Cakarta, Kara\u00e7i, Katmandu, Lima, Yeni Delhi. S\u0131radaki bunlardan birisi olacak. Bu \u015fehirleri kurtarmak i\u00e7in ge\u00e7 de\u011fil ancak ilk \u00f6nce, neden bu \u015fehirlerin risk alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde tart\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z gerekiyor.
\nLos Angeles Times, Terc\u00fcme: BYEGM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130stanbul b\u00fcy\u00fck deprem riski alt\u0131nda. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerinden biri olan \u0130stanbul ‘u b\u00fcy\u00fck bir deprem bekliyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":77425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6155,5005,220816,6662],"tags":[8203,64610,22258,54507,28910,26380,47315,14234,863,4184,38256,76821,10938,76822,2234,3603,1188,76824,4625],"class_list":["post-77418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gundem","category-manset","category-uzak-dogu","category-yasam","tag-ahmet-cakar","tag-beyaz-tv","tag-bogota","tag-cakarta","tag-dakka","tag-islamabad","tag-istanbul-deprem","tag-istanbul-depremi","tag-japonya","tag-kahire","tag-karaci","tag-karakas","tag-katmandu","tag-lima","tag-los-angeles","tag-tahran","tag-tokyo","tag-turkiye-deprem","tag-yeni-delhi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=77418"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77418\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/77425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=77418"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=77418"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nationalturk.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=77418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}